The Effect Of Stimulus Color And Emotional Priming On Speed Perception

Velocity perception is a series of processing processes that individual uses the visual information received to estimate and judge the speed of the moving object.In order to explore velocity perception and its influencing factors,this study investigated the effects of color,emotion and interference on velocity perception and possible interactions between these factors through simulating traffic scenes.The study includes two experiments.Experiment 1 is a 5(vehicle picture colors:black,white,red,yellow and blue)*3(movement speed:high,medium and low)*3(emotion:not starting,starting the positive emotion,starting negative emotion)mixed experimental design.Vehicle picture color and movement speed are variables within the group.The emotion is a group variable.The dependent variable is the estimation error of time to collision(the error between the reaction time and the actual collision time).Experiment 2 is a(5 vehicle pictures colors:black,white,red,yellow and blue)*3(movement speed:high,medium and low)*2(interference:absent,present)mixed experimental design,the vehicle picture color and movement speed are variables within the group.The interference is a group variable.The dependent variable is the estimation error of time to collision.The results of experiment 1 showed:(1)The main effect of color is significant.After further tests,it is found that the absolute value of the estimated error time(negative number)is significantly higher than that of blue and white vehicles(p<0.01),and there is no significant difference between red and black vehicles(p>0.05).(2)The main effect of emotion is significant.The absolute value of the estimated error time(negative number)among the subjects without starting emotional is significantly higher than that among the subjects with starting positive emotion(p<0.01).And the absolute value of the estimated error time(negative number)among the subjects with starting positive emotion is significantly higher than that among the subjects with starting negative emotion(p<0.01).(3)The interaction of color and emotion is significant.In the negative emotion,there is no significant difference in the estimation error of the time to collision among different color vehicles.In positive emotion,the absolute value of the estimated error time(negative number)of the yellow vehicle time to collision is the least(p<0.01).In the absence of starting emotion,the absolute value of the estimated error time(negative number)of the yellow vehicle time to collision is the largest(p<0.01).The results of experiment 2 showed:(1)The interactive effect of color and interference is significant.In the absence of interference in the case,the absolute value of the estimated error time(negative number)of yellow vehicle is the maximum(p<0.01).In the presence of interference in the case,the absolute value of the estimated error time(negative number)of yellow vehicle is the minimum(p<0.01).(2)The interaction of color and interference is significant.In the case of interference,the estimation error of time to collision of subjects on the blue vehicle is the largest.In the case with no interference,the estimation error of time to collision of subjects on the yellow vehicle is the largest.When the subjects estimate the time to collision of yellow vehicles,the error in the presence of interference is significantly lower on the error in the absence of interference.But,when the subjects estimate the time to collision of other color vehicles,the result is opposite.(3)The interactive effect of velocity and interference is significant,when subjects in the estimation of low-speed vehicle collision time,the error amount of interference with the(negative)absolute value is significantly higher than that of no interference with the time in the medium and high speed vehicle collision time estimation error,interference with the amount of(negative)absolute values were significantly lower than those without interference.Conclusions:(1)Emotion affects people’s velocity perception.Positive emotion improves the accuracy of people’s velocity perception.Negative emotion is opposite.(2)Color affects people’s velocity perception.Yellow has a strong warning effect,and it improves the accuracy of velocity perception.(3)There is an interaction between emotion and color,especially yellow.In the absence of starting emotion and in positive emotion,yellow improves the accuracy of people’s velocity perception,while people ignore the influence of color in negative emotion.(4)Interference is interacted with color.The presence of interferon makes people ignore the effect of color on velocity perception.(5)There is interaction between interferon and the speed of vehicle movement.When people judging the high speed moving vehicles,the distractors can increase the accuracy of velocity perception.However,when people judging the low-speed moving vehicles,the distractors reduce the perception of velocity.