| Objective and significance"Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" is an important part of the meridian system and belongs to one of the important concepts of the motor system of Chinese medicine."Jin-tendon" which has a close relationship with "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" is scattered in the "Yellow Emperor"which is very rich in content.Later generations of doctors performed well on this basis,but their knowledge of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" was mostly integrated into the thinking of modern medicine,which causes the lacked of traditional thinking in knowledge of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" and systematic organization.This study is based on "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" in "Yellow Emperor" as the main body,combined with the discussions of ancient scholars,analysed and interpreted the basic concepts of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" and its relationship with "Jin-tendons".To investigate and arrange the pathological conditions,the types of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",the anatomy locations and physiology of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon".Reveal various methods of "Yellow Emperor" in treating "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" diseases,as well as the evolution of ancient doctors on treating "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" diseases.In order to enrich the theoretical system and framework of the "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" theory in meridian system,and provide theoretical support for later "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" research and expand clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas.MethodsThis study apply research methods such as literature,hermeneutics,and inductive summaries,using the original text of "Ling Shu · Jing Jin" as the research entry point,refers to the interpretation of related articles by the commentators of "Yellow Emperor",arranging the ancient medical books related to "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",which divides into:"Concept and Classification","Characteristics and Morphology","Symptoms and Pathology",and "Rules of treatment method and Avoid".Discuss the relationship between "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon"and "Jin-tendon",the terminology concept of tendons,the classification and distribution characteristics of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",the morphological functions and pathological changes of diseases,and research on the treatment of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" in "Yellow Emperor".Briefly introduced the evolution of ancient doctors in treating "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" by sorting it according to "Qin-Han dynasty" "Jin-Tang dynasty","Song-Jin-Yuan dynasty","Ming-Qing dynasty",discussed ancient cases of treating "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",and rules of treatment method and Avoid.At the same time,this study looked up the journals,articles and ancient and modern literature related to "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" on China Knowledge Network Index(CNKI)and other literature databases,and also Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Library.Research results(1)The term "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" was first used in "Ling Shu · Jing Jin",but compared with the "Yinyang Eleven Pulse Moxibustion Classic" and "Foot Eleven Pulse Moxibustion Classic" in Cun Qiu Period,it has been a sprout that reflects the original style of"Jing Jin-Meridian tendon"."Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" are mainly connected,each with its own location;the meridians are mainly related to blood qi,the former is mainly the motor system,and the latter is mainly the blood qi system."Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" are mainly in the form of tendons,which are distributed along the meridians and are distributed around the body.According to the "Ling Shu · Jing Jin",there are yin and yang tendons,but in "Ling Shu·Wei Qi Disorder" says:"The muscles have no yin and no yang" which shows there is certain degree of difference in "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" and "Jin-tendon".(2)According to the distribution and structure classification of JJing Jin-Meridian tendon",it was found that the meridians tended to be rigid and flexible,yin and yang,main and branches,and internal and external.In addition,analyzing the distribution characteristics of"Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",it was found that some "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" are different from the starting point of meridian circulation,and that there are more tendons in the yang meridian than branches in the yin meridian,and the circulation is mainly distributed upward and centripetally,following the body surface and body cavity,do not belong to the internal organs,has the characteristics of "gathering","knotting","intersecting" and "combining".(3)Under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory of "Yellow Emperor"the relationship with the corresponding meridians and viscera of the tendons,as well as their physiological forms,have been proposed,and the meridian tendons need to be moistened,adjusted and maintained by the meridians.In addition,the relationship with the viscera is mainly born and raised by the liver.The liver is closely related to the tendon;the spleen and stomach promote growth and are stretched by the kidney and bones.Among them yang qi plays an important role as,the strength of the "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",the care of the "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" which reflect the close relationship between "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" and yang qi.The muscles are controlled by the liver,and the liver is also the main blood.The blood are supported by the muscles,and the blood moisturized and promote strength for "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon".(4)"Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" are distributed horizontally and vertically,connecting hundreds of skeletons,it mainly control the motor system,and it stretches the skin on the outer and bundle the bones;the deep ones fix the internal organs posotion and the shallow ones bind the muscle,therefore,the internal ones reflect the internal organs and the external ones reflect bruises.People with "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" diseases have acute,longitudinal,turning,impotence,slowness,difficulty in flexion and extension on the joints,pain,etc.following the flow and location of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon".According to Yang Shang Shan,"Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" diseases belongs to the category of tendon-Bi syndrome."Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" reflects the diseases of the organs,such as "Xi ben" and "Fu liang",which are mainly caused by the tendons of the chest and abdomen,and the tendons of the spine are epilepsy,lameness,and spasm.According to their symptoms,the cause of the meridian is nothing more than external wind,cold,The evil of dampness,heat,unhealthy diet,and extrenal trauma.The medical doctors' understanding of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" disease in the past,as early as the "fifty-two disease prescription" in the Warring States period,called "spasm" as a tense disease,until the "Yellow Emperor" first proposed in the book "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon"disease,the Eastern Han Dynasty Zhang Zhong Jing in "Shang Han Lun" and "Jin Kui Yao Lue" believe that those who suffer from tendons are also spasmodic.Afterwards,the "Zhong Chang Jing","Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun","Acupuncture and Moxibustion Classics" and other classics endowed with the title of "Yellow Emperor"."Sheng Ji Zong Lu" in the Tang Dynasty believed that tendon-Bi syndrome suffered from external evils.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,medical doctors developed and researched tendon-Bi syndrome,and then produced more new expositions and names for their understanding of tendon-Bi syndrome.In "Yi Zhong Bi Du","Floating like fire" is called tendon-Bi syndrome as "Zou zhu" or "Liu huo"."Zheng Zhi Hui Bu" and "Zhang Shi Yi Yong" think that tendon-Bi syndrome is wind and Xing bi,and Zhang Jie Bin is rigorous in "Jing Yue Quan Shu" adhering to the "Yellow Emperor" called tendon-Bi syndrome.Finally,the Qing Dynasty's "Cause of Disease and Pulse" directly stated that liver paralysis is a tendon-Bi syndrome.However,it can be seen from the original text that tendon-Bi syndrome and liver paralysis have been confused.So far,the tendon-Bi syndrome developed by Zhang Jie Bin in the Ming Dynasty has continued to spread.(5)"Yellow Emperor" mainly treats "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" diseases with single-needle and multi-needle acupuncture methods,as well as external ironing,moxibustion,smoking and massage.Mainly by unblocking its Yang,recuperating the meridian tendons,and rejuvenating its shape and strength.Later,in the Qin and Han Dynasties,Zhang Zhong Jing in"Shang Han Lu" believed that foreign evils invaded the surface,and sweating continued,and the fluid was deficient.Warm Yang to condense fluid to nourish tendons,so it is advocated to reconcile Ying Wei,and Wen Yang to treat tendons.Later,in "Jin Kui Yao Lue" outlined the methods of warming to help Yang,dispel evil and regenerate,and listed several recipes.During the Jin and Tang Dynasties,the "Zhong Chang Jing" believed that tendon-Bi syndrome was caused by deficiency of liver qi,invasion of external evils,and flow into tendons.Therefore,the treatment of tendon-Bi syndrome should promote blood circulation to nourish the liver and warm the air to nourish the kidney.The first acupuncture monograph "Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing" in ancient times recorded acupuncture points in "Yang Ling Quan","Zhong Du","Jie Xi”and other points for treatment of acupuncture points.In addition,it also proposed the principle of acupuncture."On the origin of various diseases" adhering to the "Yellow Emperor" on the arthralgia,so the treatment method based on the "Yellow Emperor" on the basis of the law to promote rehabilitation,advocate exercise to eliminate evil,to achieve treatment."Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang" proposed the "Yang disease to cure yin,Yin disease to cure yang" method,listed seven prescription,and for the first time proposed "Ashi point",has a profound impact on the treatment of arthralgia syndrome.In the Song and Jin Dynasties,"Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang" wrote a large number of prescriptions,mainly the prescriptions of continuous tendons and bones,external evils and internal obscenities."Sheng Ji Zong Lu" inherits the concept of"Yellow Emperor" as a combination of external evils,and on this basis,it is believed that tendon-Bi syndrome has been caused,and the complex sense of internal evils is caused by liver arthritis.Law.Li Zhong Nan's "Yong Lei Ling Fang" and Wei Yilin's "Shi Yi De Xiao Fang"proposed the combination of internal and external treatments.In addition,it was also proposed that tendon-Bi syndrome should be assigned different treatment principles according to the initial,middle and late stages.Promotes blood circulation and removes blood stasis,nourishes blood and relaxes muscles in the middle period,and solidifies kidneys in the late period In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development of the treatment principles of meridian tendon disease was based on the ideas of early medical doctors,so it is often to propose new prescriptions.In order to achieve better efficacy "Yi Men Fa Lv" believes that those with tendon-Bi syndrome are the main ones,and "Yin Zong Jin Jian" believes that the treatment of tendon-Bi syndrome should be based on the deficiency and truth of the arthralgia syndrome.The "Ling Yang Jiao" calms the liver and relaxes the muscles."Jing Yue Quan Shu" believes that tendon-Bi syndrome is based on qi,then blood is used to reach the muscles.Therefore,in the treatment of tendon-Bi syndrome,it is proposed to supplement the yin and circulate the veins.Finally,Zhao Xue Min,a famous medical scientist in the Qing Dynasty,"Ben Cao Gang Mu Shi Yi" proposed the external treatment of cupping method,so that the wind and cold can be expel to cure tendon-Bi syndrome.Afterwards,it discusses the ancient medical treatments related to tendon and paralysis,as well as the contraindications for treatment.The ancient medical experts played more on the basis of the causative factors of meridian tendinopathy in the "Yellow Emperor",and proposed various treatment methods,which have a profound influence on the development of the treatment of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon".Conclusion(1)"Ling Shu · Jing Jin" is the blueprint of the theory of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon".The Chinese exposition of Jing Jin can be found in many places in the "Yellow Emperor".(2)The "Yellow Emperor" has recorded various aspects of the "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",from the nourishment of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",the strength of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",the stretching and usage of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon",to the relationship between the shape and the meridians,qi and blood of the meridians,as well as specifying the functions of the meridians are widely scattered in the classic ancient book.(3)The explanation of the diseases of "Jing Jin-Meridian tendon" in "Yellow Emperor"only stays on the symptoms and gives the names of each meridian tendon syndrome,until '"Nei Jing Tai Su" elaborates its concept,and includes into tendon-Bi syndrome.There are not only symptoms of dysmenorrhea,but also viscera-related symptoms,or epilepsy.(4)"Yellow Emperor" rarely mentions specific acupuncture points or internal medicines for the treatment of meridian diseases,but the proposed external treatment methods are abundant,fully loaded with a variety of acupuncture methods,and the treatment principles and characteristics are detailed.(5)Ancient doctors mostly used the basic theories of "Yellow Emperor" as the model.Based on their works on treating meridian muscles,they developed internal medicines and prescriptions.Then they also proposed cupping-type external treatment methods to gradually expand the treatment method. |
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