In 2013, The Growth And Development Status Of Infants Under 2 Years Old In China And Its Relationship With Feeding Behavior

Objective1.To analyze the physique dysplasia status of infants and young children within 2 years of age in China in 2013.2.To analyze the breastfeeding status of infants and young children within 2 years of age in China in 2013.3.To analyze the status of infant feeding behavior within 2 years of age in China in 2013.4.To explore the association between feeding behaviors and dietary patterns and physique dysplasia of infants and young children within 2 years of age in China.5.Provide advice on the indicators of infant and child feeding index(ICFI)and scientific feeding.Subjects and MethodsSubjectsThe research used data from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance of children aged 0-5 years in 2013.The subjects were infants under 2 years of age.MethodsAccording to the recommendations of the WHO,the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund and the "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2016" on feeding practices for infants and young children,used data from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance of children aged 0-5 years in 2013,Using data from basic family information,the Feeding and Health Questionnaire for Children Under 2 Years of Age and medical examination Under 2 Years of Age.Malnutrition is judged by the standards for growth and development of children under 5 years of age published by the WHO in 2006(WHO),and used Anthro software to calculate Height for age Z score(HAZ),Weight for age Z score(WAZ),and Weight for Height Z score(WHZ).Children’s breastfeeding rate and bottle usage rate are recommended by WHO.The dietary pattern was obtained by factor analysis,and the relationship between feeding behavior,dietary pattern and growth dysplasia under 2 years of age was analyzed by SAS9.4 fitting multi factor Logistic regression model.Results1 The status of physique dysplasiaThe stunting rate of infants and young children aged 0-23 months was 6.89%.The underweight rate was 0.25%in the infants and young children aged 0-23 months.Children who were 0-23 months old had a wasting rate of 2.48%;The boys are significantly higher than the girls;the lowest in the 6-11 months old group and the highest in the 18-23 months old group;the lower the annual per capita income of the family,the lower the maternal education,the higher the physique dysplasia rate of the children aged 0-23 months.Cities are lower than rural areas,and the incidence of physique dysplasia in large cities,small and medium-sized cities,non-impoverished counties,and impoverished counties has been increasing.2 Breastfeeding statusThe exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants aged 0-5 months in China was 21.20%.The rate of exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-3 months was 25.28%.The basic exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants aged 0-5 months was 48.79%.The basic exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants and young children aged 0-3 months was 56.58%.The average annual household income,maternal education,and urban-rural differences are all the influence factors of the breastfeeding.3 Problems with feeding behaviorThe survey results showed that the rate of weaning rate in infants under the age of 2 was significantly higher than that in rural areas.The higher the annual per capita income of the family,the higher the mother’ s degree,the higher the proportion of weaning,and the bottle usage rate of 0-5 months was still high;The proportion of food supplements that began to be added was too early and late;the type of food intake for 24 hours tends to increase with the increase of age,but it is still at a low level.4 The association between feeding behavior and physique dysplasiaThe results of the analysis showed whether the use of feeding bottles,the start of supplement food supplementation,24-hour dietary types,and weekly dietary types all had significant association with the incidence of stunting,underweight,wasting,and the rate of physique dysplasia;Whether supplemental food has been was no significant association with the incidence of stunting,but there were significant association with the incidence of underweight,the incidence of wasting,and the incidence of physique dysplasia.Whether or not weaning only had a significant association with the incidence of stunting.5 The association between dietary types and physique dysplasia.5.1 6-11 months old groupNutrient supplements,fruits and vegetables,beans and its products had significant association with the rate of stunting,underweight,wasting,and rate of physique dysplasia in the 6-11 months old group.5.2 12-17 months old groupEggs,iron fortified foods and iron supplements had significant association with the rate of stunting,underweight,wasting,and physique dysplasia rate in the 12-17 months old group.5.3 18-23 months old groupThe fruits and vegetables,beans and their products were significant association with the rate of stunting,underweight,wasting,and physique dysplasia rate in the 18-23 months old group.6 The association between dietary patterns and physique dysplasia6.1 The main meal pattern6-11 months of age:(1)Energy-intensive,eating more congee soups,cereals,fruits and vegetables,poultry meat,etc.(2)nutrient-dense,eating more milk and vegetable fruits,Eggs,fish and shellfish,animal organs,blood and its products,beans and their products.12-17 months of age:(1)Energy-intensive,eating more than a few cereals,vegetables,fruits,poultry,meat,etc.(2)Nutrient-dense,eating more fruits and vegetables,eggs,fish and shrimp Shellfish,animal organs,blood and its products,beans and their products.18-23 months of age:(1)nutrient-dense,eating more milk and its products,porridge soups,juices,fruits and vegetables,eggs,fish and shellfish,animal organs,blood and its products,beans Classes and their products,etc.(2)Energy-intensive,eating more cereals,fruits and vegetables,poultry meat,etc.6.2 Study on the association between dietary patterns and physique dysplasia 6-11 months of age:The energy-intensive dietary pattern is only significant association with underweight,while the nutrient-dense dietary pattern is significant association with stunting,underweight,wasting,and physique dysplasia.12-17 months of age:The energy-intensive dietary pattern has no significant association with stunting,underweight,wasting,and physique dysplasia,and the nutrient-dense dietary pattern is significant association with stunting,underweight,wasting,and physique dysplasia.18-23 months of age:The nutrient-dense dietary pattern has no significant association with stunting,underweight,wasting,and physique dysplasia,and the energy-intensive dietary pattern is significant association with stunting,underweight,wasting,and physique dysplasia.Conclusion1.The status of physique dysplasia and breastfeedingAnalysis shows that the growth retardation rate,low body weight and wasting rate of infants under 2 years of age are higher in rural areas than in cities,and in poor rural areas are much higher than those in other areas.Family income per capita,maternal education and urban and rural differences are all factors influencing breastfeeding.2.The status of feeding behaviorThe results of the analysis showed whether or not use feeding bottles,whether food supplements had been added,when food supplements began to be added,dietary types for 24 hours,and dietary types for a week were all related to stunting,underweight,wasting,and physique dysplasia.All were statistically significant,and whether weaning was only significant association with stunting.Because of stunting is an indicator that reflects the long-term nutritional status of infants and young children,it means that weaning mainly affects long-term malnutrition in infants and young children,and other factors have effects on the short-term and long-term effects of infant malnutrition.3.The relationship between dietary factors and physique dysplasiaNutrient supplements,fruits and vegetables,beans and their products,porridge soups,eggs,and animal viscera are all the protective factors for physique dysplasia of infants aged 6-11 months,while dairy products and their products,nutrient supplements,fruits and vegetables,Beans and their products,fish and shellfish had a significant effect on the long-term nutritional status of infants aged 6-11 months.Nutrient supplements,fruits and vegetables,beans,and their products mainly affected the short-term nutritional status of infants aged 6-11 months.The dietary factors of children aged 12-17 months mainly affect the long-term nutritional status,milk and its products,porridge soups,juices,nutrient supplements,fruits and vegetables,fish and shellfish,animal organs,blood and its products,beans and Its products,eggs,iron fortified foods and iron supplements are all protective factors against growth retardation.Only eggs,fruit juices,iron fortified foods and iron supplements were statistically significant for the incidence of wasting.The results of the 18-23 month group showed that milk and its products,porridge soups,fruit juices,nutrient supplements,cereals,eggs,fish and shellfish,poultry meat,animal organs,iron fortified foods and Iron supplements,fruits and vegetables,beans and their products are all protective factors for growth and development,and only fruits and vegetables,beans and their products are the protective factors for underweight.4 The exploration of Infant and child feeding indexThe result of single-factor analysis of dietary patterns for growth and development showed that the dietary patterns reducing the rate of physique dysplasia of infants aged 6-11 months,12-17 months,and 18-23 months are all nutrient-intensive,but the nutrient-dense and energy-intensive diets in the different age have something different.The results of the study showed that different dietary patterns at different months of age had a protective effect on stunting and physique dysplasia,but had little effect on underweight and the wasting reflecting recent nutritional status,which means that the effect of dietary patterns on the growth and development of infants was a long and slow process.By logistic multivariate regression analysis,the impact on the growth and development of infants and young children in the three-month-old group was the addition of food supplementation time and dietary pattern.In addition,whether or not weaning and one-week dietary types mainly affect the growth and development of infants aged 6-11 months.Whether or not baby bottles are used and whether complementary foods have been added mainly affect the growth and development of infants aged 12-17 months.Therefore,as the age of the month increases,the dietary pattern becomes the main factor affecting the growth and development of infants and young children.The intake of nutrient-dense dietary pattern has an increasing effect on reducing the physique dysplasia of infants and young children,and mainly affects the stunting which reflected long-term nutritional status and has little effect on underweight and wasting.While other feeding behaviors are becoming less and less effective to growth and development.