Research On The Temporal And Spatial Evolution And Regional Economic Response Of Protected Areas In China's North-south Transition Zone

Since the 20th century,the cause of global protection of the land has developed rapidly,and the number and area of protected areas have been increasing,and it has become one of the symbols of national civilization and progress.The north-south transition zone of China,with the Qinling-Daba Mountain as the main body,spans the warm temperate zone and subtropical zone and is the most important geo-ecological transition zone on the mainland.This paper relies on the“National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Special Project:Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of China's North-South Transitional Zone,,selecting five types of protected areas,including nature reserves,scenic spots,forest parks,geological parks and wetland parks,using standard deviation ellipse and nuclear density estimation.The method is to analyze the change of the protection system of the North-South transition zone with the national policy and the spatial pattern of the protected area at each stage,and explore the evolution of the protected land system in the North-South transition zone and the evolution of its spatial layout under the influence of national policies.And sort out and summarize the problems of“crossover overlap and space vacancy,in the development process of the North-South transition zone protection system.At the same time,the development of protected areas cannot be separated from the support of economic development;and the sustainable development of the economy needs to be based on a good ecological environment.In order to clarify the relationship between the protection zone of the North-South transition zone and regional economic development,this paper uses the methods of correlation analysis,principal component analysis and regression analysis to explore the regional economic effects of the protected land system and spatial distribution pattern of the North-South transition zone.The main findings are as follows:First,through the analysis of the structural evolution characteristics of the North-South transition zone system,the development of the North-South transition zone system is divided into three development stages:(1)The initial stage(1956-1980).The protected land system uses the nature reserve as a single subject.(2)Rapid development stage development(1981-2014).The protected land system is dominated by nature reserves and forest parks,and coexists with various protected areas such as scenic spots,wetland parks and geological parks.(3)National park transformation stage(Since 2015).The protected land system is mainly composed of nature reserves and forest parks,and various protected areas such as scenic spots,wetland parks,geological parks,and national parks coexist.Secondly,the analysis of the spatial pattern evolution of the protected areas in the North-South transition zone shows that:(1)The center of gravity of the distribution in the north-south transition zone is dominated by the distribution center of nature reserves,forest parks and scenic spots.It is always located in the western part of the North-South transition zone,while the geographical center of gravity parks and wetland parks are always located in the eastern part of the North-South transition zone.In the direction of distribution,the spatial distribution of the whole protected area and the nature reserve tends to be distributed in the "East-West" direction,while the scenic spots,geological parks,forest parks and wetland parks are biased in the "North-South" direction.(2)The evolution of the overall distribution of protected areas in the North-South transition zone presents a trend of "diffusion-aggregation".However,the distribution trends of different types of protected areas are different.Among them,nature reserves,forest parks,geological parks and scenic spots have a tendency to gather in space,while wetland parks tend to be scattered in space.At present,the north-south transition zone dehumidification park is still in a period of development and development,and has a large development space.The development of other types of protected areas has become more and more perfect.(3)The accessibility of protected areas in the eastern part of the North-South transition zone is better than that of the western region.The accessibility of wetland parks and scenic spots is better than that of nature reserves and geological parks.Wetland parks and scenic spots are more suitable for the public to visit,while geological parks and forest parks are more suitable for long-term travel.Thirdly,the spatial overlap of the protected areas in the North-South transition zone and the spatial vacancies are systematically combed out:(1)The spatial overlapping types of protected areas can be divided into three types:Fully overlapping,Including overlapping,Intersecting overlapping.Among them,the transition zone contains the largest number of overlapping protection zones,accounting for the largest proportion.From the perspective of the types of overlapping protected areas,the protected areas in the North-South transition zone that meet the assessment criteria of multiple protected areas are mostly affiliated with forest ecosystems.The cross-management problems of geological parks and forest parks,scenic spots and forest parks,nature reserves and scenic spots have appeared the most.(2)The existing two national park pilots in the North-South Transitional Zone-"Shennongjia National Park" and "Giant Panda National Park" can integrate the protected land resources of the areas with the most overlapping spatial overlap in the North-South transition zone,but otherwise There are still a large number of typical areas with overlapping protection areas and multi-head management problems on the transition zone,which can be used as the focus of future national park construction.(3)Combined with the nuclear density analysis results of the protected areas,the space vacancies in the north-south transition zone are mainly concentrated in the "Jicheng-Baofeng-Yucheng" area in the central part of Henan Province.Fourth,the regional economic effects of the protected areas in the North-South transition zone are analyzed.(1)The lower the spatial coverage of protected areas and the smaller the number of nature reserves,the greater the scale of economic development and the stronger the vitality of economic development.Combined with the spatial distribution pattern of protected areas,the coverage of protected areas in the upper and western parts of the North-South transition zone is relatively large,and there are more protected areas distributed in contiguous areas,which results in the impact of the proportion of construction land in the national land planning.The level of regional economic development is also generally lower than the eastern transition zone where the coverage of protected areas is low.(2)The greater the number of overlapping protected areas.the greater the proportion of forest parks,geological parks,scenic spots and wetland parks in the protected land system.The higher the level of tourism economic development,the greater the scale of regional economic development.The number of forest parks,geological parks,scenic spots and wetland parks in the eastern protected areas of the North-South Transitional Zone accounts for a large proportion of the total number of protected areas,and the number of protected areas is large,but the average area is small and the coverage of protected areas is The rate is low,the overall development of the regional economy is better than that of the western region,and the regional economic development is better.