| Particles in the air is directly harmful to human body health mainly diameter less than10?m,this is because such particles can enter and effect the human respiratory system,the particle which size is more than 10?m will be stopped by hairs in nose.Therefore,Therefore,particulate matter(PM10)and fine particulate matter(PM2.5)are most harmful to human health in particulate matter system.In this study,the PM2.5,PM10 concentration,temperature and humidity in the mainly remaining environment?bedroom,dormitory,classroom,subway,and bus?were tested in real time,and outdoor PM2.5,PM10 concentration and meteorological data were collected at the same time.The factors affecting the concentration of particles in the environment were analyzed in combination with the time activity patterns recorded during the experiment.The monte-carlo method was used to simulate the exposure of the particles in the main residence environment of university students?1?The indoor and outdoor particulate pollution is serious,the indoor and outdoor particles are significantly correlated.There was a significant negative correlation between indoor particulate concentration and outdoor wind speed and indoor and outdoor temperature difference,which was positively correlated with outdoor relative humidity.Kitchen and window type,floor and orientation all affect the I/O ratio of PM2.5 concentration in the bedroom,and besides these factors,the location of the bedroom will also affect the I/O ratio of the bedroom PM10 concentration.Sitting,walking,exercising,frying,stewing,and manual cleaning will all cause the indoor PM2.5 concentration to rise.In addition to these activities,smoking will lead to an increase in indoor PM2.5 concentration.?2?Comparing the concentration of particulate matter in college students'apartments with the current standard,the PM2.5 supercalibration rate was 66.7%to 85.7%,and the PM10rate was 33.3%to 85.7%.The concentration of particulate matter in college students'apartment is greatly influenced by outdoor.There was a significant positive correlation between PM2.5,PM10 concentration and wind speed,indoor and outdoor temperature difference and outdoor relative humidity.No obvious activity during the day?sit/lying?,smoking,and use the computer time of indoor PM2.5 concentrations is significantly higher than sleep at night time,and cleaning time indoor PM2.5 concentrations and sleep at night time there was no significant difference.During the period of smoking,the I/O ratio was significantly higher than that at night,and there was no significant difference between PM2.5I/O ratio and nighttime sleep period.During the day,there was no obvious activity?sitting/lying?,smoking,using computer time and cleaning time,and the concentration of PM10 was significantly higher than that at night.The PM10I/O ratio during the period of smoking and cleaning was significantly higher than that in the night,while the I/O ratio in other periods was not significantly different from that in the night.?3?Compared to the bedroom and college students apartment,indoor particulate pollution of classroom is lighter;and the concentration of particles in the classroom was significantly correlated with the concentration of outdoor particles.There was a significant positive correlation between PM2.5,PM10 concentration and wind speed,indoor and outdoor temperature difference and outdoor relative humidity.Non-parametric tests of PM2.5 and PM10I/O ratios in classrooms during class and self-study period were conducted,and the differences between them were statistically significant,indicating that the activity in the classroom would affect the concentration of particles in the classroom.?4?Except for Beijing metro line 1,the average quality concentration of PM10 in subway cars no.2,no.4 and no.10 is lower than the current standard.The average quality concentration of PM10 in line 1 is up to 350?g/m3,and the average quality concentration of PM2.5 in the four railway carriages is above the current standard.The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was performed on PM2.5 and PM10 concentration in each time period,and the results showed that the difference of concentration between working days and weekends was statistically significant.Kruskal-Wails group difference test was performed on every season of four lines,and the results showed that there were seasonal differences in the four lines,which had statistical significance.Kruskal-Wails group difference test was performed on every period of four lines,the results show that the line between PM2.5 and PM10 concentration have significant difference?P=0?,average concentration level sequence is line 1,line 2,line 10and line 4.?5?The average mass concentration of PM2.5 in the bus compartment of the 300,1 and44 buses is higher than Concentration limit of GB 3095-2012.The average quality concentration of PM10 is higher than Concentration limit of GB 3095--2012.The difference of particulate matter concentration between working day and weekend is statistically significant,and the difference of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration between different routes is statistically significant.?6?The PM2.5 total exposure of male and female students was 23.24?g/?kg·d?,19.87?g/?kg·d?,the PM10 total exposure of male and female students was 41.40?g/?kg·d?,35.80?g/?kg·d?.Regardless of the bedroom,dorm,classroom,or public transport,PM10 average exposure levels of boys is the highest,followed by the PM10 average exposure levels of girls,PM2.5 average exposure levels of boys,PM2.5 average exposure levels of girls is the lowest.Overall,the exposure of particulate matter in dormitories was the highest,followed by bedrooms and classroom.the lowest exposure was in public transportation. |
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