Research On Fauna And Species Diversity Of Tardy Fauna In Dabie Mountains

Tardigrade,also known as "water bear",is microscopic hydrophilous invertebrate.with body length ranged from 0.05 to 1.2 mm,The body is barrel-shaped or cylindrical shaped.They bear four pairs of legs ended with claws.Symmetrically,tardigrades are considered as an independent Phylum,Tardigrada.Tardigrada is a sister groups to arthropods.Tardigrade fauna and species diversity of the Dabie Mountains,China were studied,a total of six sampling areas were selected,including Jigongshan,Tiantaishan,Huangbaishan,Tiantangzhai,Yaoluoping and Baimajian.Four hundred and fifty moss samples were collected,tardigrades in the mosses were extracted and identified.The main results are listed as follows:1.Tardigrades fauna of the Dabie Mountains area has a rich species composition,a total of 2,075 tardigrade individuals were obtained,belonging to two classes,three orders,six families,14 genus and 41 species.of which,one new recorded genus(Bertolanius),five new species and one new subspecies were found(Echiniscus tortuca sp.nov.,Echiniscus psephocae sp.nov.,Pseudechiniscus dabieshanensis sp.nov.,Macrobiotus bindae sp.nov.,Minibiotus mcinnesae sp.nov.,Paramacrabiotus alekseevi borealis subsp.nov.),14 species are new record and one new subspecies record to China,respectively:Milnesium heaiae,Milnesium granulatum,Milnesium shilohae,Bertolanius nebulosus,Itaquascon pawlowskii,Isohypsibius cameruni,Macrobiotus pallarii,Macrobiotus patagonicus,Mesobiotus pseudolivia,Minibiotus hispidus,Paramacrabiotus(Paromacrobiotus)magdalenae,Paramacrobiotus(Paramacrobiotus)beotiae,Paramacrobiotus(Paramacrobiotus)cf.chieregoi,Paramacrohiotus(Paramacrobiotus)hapukuensis,Pseudechiniscus ramazzottii ramazzottii.2.The richness of tardigrade communities at different sample areas in the Dabie Mountains are different.The order of the number of tardigrades is:Tiantangzhai(704)>Yaoluoping(506)>Huangbaishan(351)>Tiantaishan(278)>Jigongshan(147)>Baimajian(89).The order of the number of tardigrades species is:Tiantangzhai(18 species)>Yanluoping(12 species)>Baimajian(10 species)>Jigongshan(8 species)>Huangbaishan(5 species)=Tiantaishan(5 species).The order of the number of tardigrades genus:Tiantangzhai(12 genera)>Yaoluoping(9 genera)>Baimajian(6 genera)=Jigongshan(6 genera)>Tiantaishan(5 genera)>Huangbaishan(4 genera).3.The dominant groups,common groups and rare groups are different in the Dabie Mountains have different species composition.there is a big difference of the number of species.Respectively,account for the total number of-individual 2.43%,24.39%and 73.17%.The dominant groups were Paramacrabiotus alekseevi borealis subsp.nov.,accounting for 44.87%of the total number of individuals;Ten species of common groups are Echiniscus tortuca sp.nov.,Pseudechiniscus chengi,Pseudechiniscus dabieshanensis sp.nov.,Pseudechiniscus ramazzottii ramazzottii.Milnesium tardigradzuyi tardigradum,Macrubiotus patagonicus,Macrabiotus sp.2,Macrabiotus sp.5,Minibiotus hispidus and Minibiolus intermedius,respectively,account for the total number of individual 2.07%,3.04%,6.94%,1.11%,1.69%,7.76%,3.08%,4.87%,5.40%and 8.48%;The rare groups including 30 species,accounting for only the total number of individual 10.70%.4.The dominant groups,common groups and rare groups in different sample areas in the Dabie Mountains have different species composition.The order of the number of species in the dominant group is:Jigongshan(4 species)>Tiantangzhai(3 species)=Baimajian(3 species)=Tiantaishan(2 species)=Yaoluoping(2 species)>Huangbaishan(1 species)The order of the number of species in common groups is:Tiantangzhai(8 species)>Baimajian(6 species)>Yaoluoping(5 species)>Jigongshan(3 species)=Huangbaishan(3 species)>Tiantaishan(0 species).The order of the numbers of species in rare group is:Tiantangzhai(7 species)>Yanluoping(5 species)>Tiantaishan(3 species)>Jigongshan(1 species)=Huangbaishan(1 species)>Baimajian(0 species).5.The species diversity of tardigrade communities in different sample areas in the Dabie Mountains are different,but there were no significant differences.The species richness and evenness of tardigrades are similar.But the community similarity coefficient is extremely dissimilar.The Margalef richness index(dMa)of in different sample areas was not significantly different(F=1.728,P>0.05),dMa index from large to small:Tiantangzhai>Yaoluoping>Baimajian>Jigongshan>Tiantaishan>Huangbaishan;The Simpson dominance index(D)was not significantly different(F=1.094,P>0.05),D index from large to small:Yaoluoping>Baimajian>Jigongshan>Tiantangzhai>tiantaishan>Huangbaishan;The Shannon-Wiener index(H)was not significantly different(F=1.278,P>0.05),H index from large to small;Yaoluoping>Baimajian>Tiantangzhai>Jigongshan>Tiantaishan>Huangbaishan;Pielou evenness index(E)was not significantly different(F=1.182,P>0.05),E index from large to small:Baimajian>Yaoluoping>Jigongshan>Tiantangzhai>Huangbaishan>Tiantaishan.6.The species diversity of tardigrade communities in different habitats in the Dabie Mountains are different.The index H,D and E from large to small:trunk habitat>rock habitat>soil habitat.The dMa index from large to small was:rock habitat>trunk habitat>soil habitat.The number of species and the number of individuals in different habitat.in the order of rock habitat(26 species/>456)>trunk habitat(24 species/394)>soil habitat(13 species/225).7.The species composition,individual number and diversity indexes of the tardigrade communities at different altitudes in the Dabie Mountains are different.Most sample areas decrease in the number of species and individuals in tardigrades as altitude increases.