Holocene Climate Change In Mongolia And Its Surrounding Areas And Cultural Exchange And Succession From Neolithic To Bronze Age

The cultural exchange between East and West on Eurasian steppe took place very early,but the whole Eurasian steppe was merged in the late Bronze Age.This kind of communication was formed for a long time.Mongolia is an important part of Eurasian grassland.What a role it plays in the cultural exchange between East and West and how about the climate background of cultural events?They are worth exploring.Based on previous studies,I have established the Mongolia Holocene climate database and the Neolithic to Bronze Age cultural relics database.Then I analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of Mongolia Holocene climate change.And I discussed the distribution,development and evolution of different types of cultures in the Neolithic to Bronze Age of Mongolia,as well as their exchanges with other cultures or the surrounding areas.And the climate background of these cultural events are analysed.The main conclusions are as follows:1)Because of the special geographical location and topography,Mongolia's climate change in different periods of Holocene is not completely consistent,there are time and space differences.Before 6cal ka BP,the influence of the East Asian summer monsoon may reach as far as northwestern Mongolia,roughly along the line of Achit Nuur,Hoton Nuur,Uvs Nuur,Bayan Nuur and Ulaan Nuur.The area south of this line is affected by the monsoon in the early and middle Holocene,and the late Holocene becomes dry.In the middle and north of Mongolia,it is humid in the early Holocene and late Holocene,dry in the middle Holocene,and the drought occurs between 6-4/3.5cal ka BP.The later wetness period may be related to the enhanced west wind.The drought of the Middle Holocene is related to the higher regional temperature.And the wetness of the early Holocene is related to the melting of the glacial permafrost.2)The cultural sequence of Mongolia and the development and evolution of different cultures show a trend of east-west and north-south direction.Before the middle of 2000 BC,the communication between east and west probably dominated,but after that,the exchange between north and south began to dominate.The complex relationship of various cultures laid a solid foundation for the integration of the whole Eurasian grassland and the development of nomadic cultures.3)The influence of climate change on grassland culture can not be ignored.The development,expansion,decline and communication of grassland culture are carried out under certain climatic conditions.Grassland civilization is the result of long-term development.