Research On Genetic Diversity And System Evolution Of Alxa Red Deer Population Based On Mitochondrial DNA

Cervus elaphus alashanicus is the second class state key protected wildlife in China.It is only distributed in the middle region of Helan Mountains between Ningxia and Inner Mongolia.It is the only effective population of this subspecies in China.We collected 219 feces in Helan Mountains from July to August 2016 and February to Aprial 2017.Microsatellite were used to genotype and exclude duplicates of the feces identified as red deer,and genetic diversity and phylogenetic tree of C.e.alashanicus were studied based on mitochondrial Cyt b and D-loop markers.The results were as follows:1.The species identification by mitochondrial Cyt b was carried out,and 158 sequences were successfully amplified.NCBI comparison confirmed that the sequences obtained were all belonged to red deer.After microsatellite primers screening,10 pairs of microsatellite primers(PIC value between 0.473-0.874)were used to classify the fecal genotypes identified as red deer,and 3 duplicates individuals were excluded.2.Based on the complete mitochondrial Cyt b DNA sequence,the level of genetic diversity of C.e.alashanicus was lower compared with other subspecies of red deer distributed in China(?=0.00026,h=0.207).Based on the complete mitochondrial D-loop DNA sequence,the level of genetic diversity of C.e.alashanicus was rich compared with other subspecies of red deer distributed in China(?=0.24976,h=0.480).3.The phylogenetic tree of ML and NJ constructed based on mitochondrial Cyt b DNA found that C e.alashanicus population was grouped into one branch and was closely related to C e.xanthopygus,but relatively far from other red deer subspecies distributed in China.The phylogenetic tree of ML and NJ constructed by mitochondrial d-loop DNA showed that two haplotypes of C.e.alashanicus were clustered into one branch,which was relatively close with C.e.xanthopygus,and one haplotype was clustered into another branch with other red deer subspecies.