The Distribution Pattern And Influencing Factors Of Chinese Birds' Breeding Season And Winter Season

Understanding the spatial patterns in species richness is central to ecology.As one of the highest bird richness countries,and with all kinds of ecological systems in the country which across multiple climate zone,China is an ideal place to study distribution pattern of bird species.In the previous studies,the study of bird species distribution patterns mainly concentrated in endemic and threatened birds.However,the distribution pattern of different ecological groups and their seasonal differents has not been studied.Our research rendered the map of forest,wetland and grassland bird richness in breeding and wintering season of China based on county scale distribution data by ArcGIS.Univariate and multivariate spacial linear model(SLM)was also used to analyze the link between forest,wetland and grassland bird species richness in breeding and wintering season and the relationship with environment variables,also the seasonal differents was analyzed.The results showed that:species richness of forest birds in breeding season was significantly higher than that in wintering season.The high richness spot of both seasons was concentrated in the southwest regions and the southeastern coastal regions.The distribution pattern of wetland birds between two seasons showed significant differences,in breeding season,the wetland birds concentrated in the northeastern regions,in wintering season concentrated in southeast coastal regions.The distribution pattern of grassland bird in two seasons had no significant differences,the richness of both seasons were highest in northwest regions.In addition,there was a certain amount of bird in southeastern in wintering season.The analysis of environmental factors of forest birds showed that elevation range has significant influence on breeding seasons,but has no influence on wintering season.Besides,other environmental factors were productivity and its range,followed by the moisture.The environmental factor of distribution of wetland birds mainly were the temperature and moisture.In addition,average elevation had significant influence on breeding season,while in winter season had no effect.The environmental factors of grassland bird distribution in both seasons showed that:during the breeding season of productivity range was the most important factor,while in winter season the factors became heat and moisture range.The research results suggested that the distribution and environmental factors of bird species richness were different and divergent between ecological groups and probably due to their varied ecological and evolutionary process.Moreover,there were seasonal differences in the same ecological group.The possible reason was that bird in two seasons facing the different life cycle stages and the influence of different residence type may exist.