GIS-based Study On Ecological Distribution Of Ladybirds In China And Europe

Species richness has considerable difference among different regions, it is a fundamental goal of ecology and biogeography to explore the key impacting indicator that caused the geographic variation of species richness.On a global scale, species richness of many groups has a strong correlation with environmental factors.The analysis of the influence of geographical factors to the species diversity and complex biological feature of the beetles species is helpful to carry out the research of species richness and the main influence factors on large space scale and such research has certain reference significance to explore the relations between China and European beetles- environment and biodiversity protection.The paper discussed the latitude zonality of central European beetles and its relationship with environmental factors based on beetles species richness data and environmental factors of Chinese provincial scale and European national scale combined with GIS and mathematical statistics method.The result showed that:(1) In Chinese provincial scale, the species richness of all the beetles, predatory ladybug, predatory beetles( genus and species richness) was significantly negative correlation with latitude, and gradually decreasing from the south to the north.The hotspots of species distribution are mainly concentrated in the southern provinces of our country, and lower in the north, northwest arid zone and the north of qinghai-tibet plateau and qinghai provinces.For phytophagous, predatory and all ladybugs, whether in the genus or the species level, the strongest explanation power was seasonal factors that represented by annual average temperature range and far higher than that of energy and water.According to the results of multi-level variance decomposition, the annual average temperature change range had the strongest explanation power. It was showed that strong restrictive seasonal factors had greater influences on the species distribution. So, for the Chinese lady beetles, seasonal temperature change had a decisive impact on the ladybug richness.(2) In European national scale, species richness of European beetles(genus and species) decreased with increasing latitude, and decreased with increasing of longitude.The hotspots regions of species distribution were mainly concentrated in the southwest of Europe countries, and it was lower in countries such as southeast and northeast whether in genus or species level.Whether in the genus or the species level, the strongest power explaination of the influence of the environmental factors to the beetles species richness were annual average temperature(AMT), the annual precipitation(PRE) and the dry season rainfall(PDQ).The screening results of optimal model was also showed that composed of annual mean temperature and annual precipitation model was the optimal model, the analysis results showed that the combined action of moisture factor and energy factor had greatest influence on the distribution of European beetles species.