Analysis Of Rice Production Status And Continuous Production In Heilongjiang Reclamation Area

Rice is one of the four main crops in Heilongjiang Province.It has a large planting area,a high yield per unit area and a high total yield.The fluctuation of rice yield has a direct impact on the total grain yield in Heilongjiang Province,but also has an indirect impact on the supply of commodity grain.Heilongjiang reclamation area,as an important commodity grain base,strategic reserve base for grain and the largest green,organic and pollution-free food base in China,has obvious advantages such as high yield per unit area and good stability of rice yield.Studying the present situation of rice production and sustainable production will be of far-reaching significance to comprehensively improve the level of rice production,enhance the comprehensive production capacity of grain,ensure national food security and increase the income level of farmers.This paper takes rice production in Heilongjiang reclamation area as the research object.On the basis of understanding the domestic and foreign research trends,the present situation of rice production in Heilongjiang reclamation area is analyzed from the aspects of rice planting area,rice yield and rice yield per unit area,and the existing problems and influencing factors of sustainable rice production in Heilongjiang reclamation area are discussed.Suggestions for promoting sustainable rice production in reclamation area are put forward.The conclusions are as follows:(1)in recent years,the rice sown area,total output and yield per unit area have increased year by year.Through the analysis of relevant data from 1986 to 2016,it can be seen that the proportion of rice sown area and yield in Heilongjiang reclamation area to the whole province and the whole country has increased significantly.In 1986,the share of rice yield in Heilongjiang reclamation area accounted for 4.75% of the whole province's rice yield.In 2016,the share has become 59.27%,up 54.52 percentage points.In 2016,the total output of rice in the reclamation area reached 13.368 million tons,accounting for 64.91% of the total grain output in the reclamation area.Rice has become the largest grain crop in the reclamation area.(2)The status of rice production in Heilongjiang reclamation area has increased significantly in the whole country and province,from 0.06% in 1986 to 6.46% in 2016,and from 4.75% in 1986 to 59.27% in 2016.(3)The problems of sustainable rice production in Heilongjiang reclamation area are: excessive development of water resources and low utilization rate;decline of land fertility and degradation of cultivated land quality;serious brain drain and low extension of production technology;more natural disasters and poor disaster resistance;rising prices of means of production,which affect the enthusiasm of growers.The main factors affecting rice production in reclamation area are natural factors,general factors,policy factors and scientific and technological factors.Rice production in reclamation area is mainly affected by sowing area,fertilizer application amount,agricultural mechanization level and effective irrigation area.(4)Put forward the countermeasures to promote rice production in Heilongjiang reclamation area,including: returning straw to the field to improve soil labor;relying on science and technology to achieve high quality and yield of rice;strengthening scientific and technological guidance to improve agricultural standardization;strengthening infrastructure construction to improve disaster resistance;improving economic benefits of rice planting and mobilizing farmers' enthusiasm for rice planting;The policy of large government benefiting agriculture and improving the utilization ratio of water resources.