Spatial Mismatch Between A-grade Show Cave And Network Attention In China

China is the country with the richest cave tourism resources in the world.After the 1980 s,show caves developed rapidly in China,from less than 10 to hundreds,receiving tens of millions of tourists each year,and direct income of several billion yuan,which occupies an important position in the Chinese tourism industry.However,there is still a big gap between show caves and other types of scenic spots in terms of level,reputation,and tourists amount.Therefore,it is of utmost urgency to find out how the development and space feature of A-grade show caves in China,as well as which aspects of the development of show caves should be started.At the same time,with the rapid development of the Internet,more and more tourists use the Internet to inquire travel information and formulate travel routes.Thanks to people share travel experiences and processes by new media such as Weibo and We Chat,the Internet has become an aid for tourists to make travel decisions.Network attention research can express the attitudes and cognitive status of the tourist attractions,infrastructures and services.Moreover,network attention research does not distinguish whether participants actually complete or experience the entire tourism process,so that potential tourism markets can be tapped or untouched tourist areas can be developed.Therefore,by comparing the synchronicity and mismatch relationship on space between show caves and their network attention,the study results can guide making cave tourism decision and provide support for the establishment of cave tourism policy,regional tourism planning and scenic spot management.The paper takes 180 A-grade show caves in mainland China as the research object,and uses the massive weibo data as the data source.It adopts standard deviation ellipse and gravity center analysis,nuclear density analysis,two-dimensional combinatorial matrix analysis,and spatial autocorrelation analysis.From the different spatial scales,the spatial feature and mismatch of the dominance and network attention of A-level show caves in China are studied.The following conclusions were obtained:(1)China A-grade show caves are widely distributed in the area east of the “Heihe-Tengchong line”,from the northeast,north China,east China,south-central,southeast,and southwest regions.At the same time,the A-grade show caves are unevenly distributed,showing a clear cluster distribution trend.The high-level show caves are mainly concentrated in southern China,in the vast area south of the Qinling Mountains and east of Kunming in Yunnan,with small-scale clusters,patches,or spots pattern.In space,the distribution pattern of “five advantageous show caves gathering bands,three first-order advantage centers,and five second-order advantage centers” isapproximated.There are great differences in the dominance degree of show caves between different provinces and regions.Guangxi and Hubei have obvious advantages,most provinces with dominance of 10-20,and low dominance in Hainan and Xinjiang,and no distribution of show caves in northeast and northwest regions.(2)Chinese A-grade show caves have the highest network attention in the Yangtze River Delta region,while the vast northwest region has a large area of low interest.In general,the spatial pattern has been formed of "three high attention bands,two first-class attention centers,and eight secondclass attention centers".There is a great difference in the network attention of show caves in China.The first place in Guangxi is about 1.6 times the second place in Hunan,and the second is only 1.26% in Guangxi Province.The attention of most of the provinces is within the range of 1000~2000.(3)From the national scale,the degree of spatial misalignment on the whole of the A-level tourist caves in China is not significant.The spatial distribution of the network attention degree is shifted toward the southwest from the dominance of the scenic area.The dominance of Class A tourism caves is112°17?51?E and30°7?22?N;the focus of network attention is112°11?57 " E and 30°3?49" N;the geometric center of gravity is 112°24?10 "E,30°35?13" N.The three have different levels of spatial mismatch,and the mismatch at latitude are more obvious.The dominance of the show caves and the focus of the network attention are compared with those of the geometric gravity center,both of which tend to be in the southwest;the focus of the network attention is more toward the southwest than the dominance.The standard deviation ellipse of show caves and the standard deviation ellipse of network attention have spatial coupling characteristics.Both the long axis are larger than the short axis.However,they are not completely coincident but a mismatch in space.(4)From the provincial scale,according to the spatial mismatch matrix of the dominance-network attention,24 provinces are divided into 5 types.Synchronous-double-high area: It means that the network attention is the same as the dominance degree,and both are in the higher level provinces;Synchronous-double-low area: It means that the network attention is the same as the dominance degree,and both are in the lower level provinces;Synchronous-intermediate area: It means that network attention and the dominance are the same,and both are in the upper middle level provinces;Mismatch-positive deviation area: refers to the mismatch of the network attention and dominance,and network attention level are higher than the dominance level;Mismatch-reverse deviation area: refer to the provinces where the network attention and dominance degree are dislocated,and the network attention level is lower than the dominance level.(5)From the scale of the scenic spot,there is a certain spatial correlation between the dominance and the network attention of the A-grade show caves in China,and there is also a certain degree of spatial mismatcch.In the bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis,most of the A-grade show caves are distributed in the first quadrant and the third quadrant.But there are still a considerable number of show caves in the second and fourth quadrants.Combined with the results of spatial autocorrelation analysis,using a simplified two-dimensional combinatorial matrix,the 180 A-grade show caves were divided into 4 types.High advantage-high attention spot,including Lianzhou Underground River,Taiji Cave,Tenglong Cave and 61 scenic spots;Low dominance-high attention spot,Including Huaiyang Cave,Qinglong Cave,Wangtian Cave and 34 scenic spots;High advantage-low attention spot,including Gufodong,Yulong Cave,Yunxia Cave and 24 scenic spots;Low dominance-low attention spot,including the Great Wall Cave,Shenxian Cave,Baiyun Caves Group and 61 scenic spots.Based on the findings,the following points may be noted for exploitation and sustainable development of show caves in the future:(1)Optimize the spatial layout of show caves development.Make full use of the advantageous caves gathering band and high attention band and integrate regional cave resources and open cave tourism market.Form a reasonable development pattern of show caves.(2)Implement regional cooperation and differentiated development of cave tourism.Focus on building double-high type areas and caves.Selectively build the high dominance-low attention areas and caves.Carefully build double-low type areas and caves.(3)Strengthen the promotional marketing of show caves.Actively use the Internet communication platform to promote marketing,especially new media platforms,such as Weibo,Wechat,and cultivate new attention centers.(4)Integrated development with surrounding resources of show caves.Joint with other types of scenic spots in the surrounding areas to achieve win-win cooperation through resource combination and complementarity.