Research On Contract Coordination Mechanism Of Closed-loop Supply Chain Under Carbon Trading Environment

At present,more and more people are pursuing a low-carbon life,and environmental protection issues have attracted the attention of all countries,and low-carbon production in any industry has become a competitive advantage.On the macro level,the carbon emission can be controlled step by step through the promotion and improvement of technologies and the scientifical project of carbon.On the micro level,the carbon emission is effectively controlled from the perspective of operation of manufacturing enterprises.For example,from the perspective of product production,sales,recycling,output decision-making,government carbon policy,etc.,we can find a way of production and coordination that minimizes the operating costs of carbon emissions under the conditions of reducing carbon emissions.This is a new challenge for both businesses and the government.How companies make operational decisions and how the government can combine,adjust and choose among different carbon policies,it is clear that the decision-making by enterprises and governments has an impact on China's reduction of carbon emission reductions important strategic guidance.First,we focused on reducing carbon emission reductions from the source of our products.The dynamic game model with or without government reward and punishment mechanism was constructed,and the retailer recovery level,the carbon emissions of enterprise products and the profit value of the closed-loop supply chain participants were compared in these two cases.Secondly,it focuses on the operating rules of closed-loop supply chain under various government carbon policies.Considering the government as the main body of environmental decision-making,this paper constructs a two-stage game model which analyzes two contractual incentive mechanisms of the government's manufacturer carbon emissions and manufacturers' recycling efforts respectively,and verifies the case through the automobile manufacturing industry,it provide a reference for the manufacturing industry and other industries.Finally,we studied carbon emission reduction from the perspective of cooperation and competition of supply chain partners.Model D under decentralized supply chain competition,model M under centralized and decentralized systems,and model C under horizontal cooperation between manufacturers of decentralized systems are established.Three supply chain models provided the possibility of cooperation for manufacturers in all walks of life.The results show that: Company's corporate recovery and carbon emission reductionlevels have been improved under government recycling incentives and restraint mechanisms;a smaller remanufacturing emission reduction prompted the government reward and punishment mechanism to reduce the total amount of product carbon emissions increased;consumption Low-carbon awareness of the rewards and punishment mechanism not only increased the profitability of manufacturers and retailers,but also to a large extent reduce the total amount of corporate carbon emissions;rewards and punishments under the influence of a smaller target recovery rate more Can maximize retailer profit.The incentive contract of manufacturer makes the recovery rate of waste products increase effectively.In view of the different environmental damage factors,the government needs to differentiate the manufacturing enterprises with different total carbon emissions.The degree of interaction between government carbon policies Strong,low-carbon behavior of consumers on the government optimal subsidy rate,the greater the effect of carbon emission reduction cost coefficient of its smaller;the government's carbon policy and consumer low-carbon behavior of mutual coordination,the level of dynamic balance will be Directly affect the government's optimal subsidy policy and the government's maximum effectiveness.In the system of decentralized competition,one with a higher carbon emission reduction rate has a lower carbon emission reduction rate,a higher product wholesale price,a higher sales price and a lower market demand.Under certain constraints,the decision under centralized system is higher than Decentralized system optimization decision-making;model M carbon emission reduction and product market sales are higher than the model D;manufacturers of carbon emissions competition between consumers advocated the interests of the more intense carbon market product sales price And the greater the reduction of the wholesale price;under certain constraints,the manufacturer's horizontal cooperation model is better than the non-cooperation model.It is hoped that these findings can provide valuable guidance for decision makers in supply chain to make optimal decisions and provide theoretical support for the government to adjust,optimize and make decisions on carbon policies.