Research On Emergency Supply Chain Coordination Of Option Discount Contract Under Multi-factor Disturbance

In recent years,unexpected events have occurred frequently,and the increasingly complex external environment has significantly increased the probability of supply chain encountering various emergencies.When the external environment of the supply chain changes from deterministic to indeterminate,many parameters on the supply chain will change and the supply chain will shift from coordination to maladjustment.As an independent economic entity,supply chain node companies will only pursue their own profit maximization in the absence of mutual constraints,and may harm or sacrifice the overall profit of the supply chain in the pursuit of individual profit maximization,thereby creating double marginalization.For the phenomenon that the individual optimal decision-making and collective optimal decision-making in the supply chain are inconsistent,the academic community proposes to use the contract to constrain each node enterprise and to realize the coordination of the emergency supply chain by scientifically formulating,implementing,and amending the contract.The quantity discounts contract and option contract are two kinds of contract mechanisms that are commonly used in supply chain coordination and have been widely introduced by scholars to the field of emergency supply chain management.Strengthening supply chain management in response to emergencies and pursuing the interests of supply chain systems and their member companies while achieving Pareto optimization or improvement has become one of the hot issues in current research.On condition that emergency cause random variation of the market demand,wholesale price and market price,considering a two-echelon supply chain composed of a single retailer and a single supplier as the research object,using option discount contracts,which is composed of option contract and quantity discount contract,the study will seek for constrain conditions that emergency supply chain realizes coordination under option discount contract.Through the emergency supply chain coordination theory and expected utility function theory,the paper constructs an emergency quantity discount contract model,an emergency quantity discount contract model based on unidirectional option and bidirectional option under multi-factor disturbance,and an emergency bidirectional option discount contract under risk aversion of a retailer considering multi-factor interference,respectively.Meanwhile,a numerical simulation analysis is made,and the results are verified by numerical cases.The results show that under random variation of the market demand,wholesale price and market price,the call option discount contract,the put option discount contract and the bidirectional option discount contract can make the supply chain performance achieve the Pareto optimal.It reduces market risks like the demand uncertainty,random fluctuations on wholesale prices and market prices that the supply chain members faced,then achieves risk sharing and revenue win-win.Moreover,through a reasonable set of option pricing strategy and option ordering strategy,it increases the flexibility of the supply chain greatly,and still allows the supply chain to restore coordination.In addition,when the emergencies cause the market demand,wholesale price and market price fluctuating randomly and market demand increases,the use of call option discount contracts can enable supply chain systems and their member companies to obtain maximum profit at the same time;when unexpected events lead to the market demand,wholesale price and market price are randomly fluctuating and the market demand decreases,the Bidirectional option discount contract is the best choice for making the supply chain performance achieve the Pareto optimal.Thus,if you want to get more profits,decision makers must predict the market more accurately to make the new contract mechanism more effective.When unexpected events cause market demand to shrink,the market price fluctuating randomly and the retailer being risk-averse,the bidirectional option discount contract removes the worries of retailers,effectively curb the deterioration of supply chain benefits,has strong anti-burst and anti-risk aversion,and enables Pareto optimization or improvement of the benefits of supply chain systems and their members.