Spatial-temporal Characteristics Of Urban Tourism Environmental Comfort In The Key Tourism Cities Of China

With the development of social economy,tourism has gradually become an important way to relax in people's daily life.How to choose a tourism destination depends on environment comfort to a great extent,especially on the natural factors such as weather climate factors,air quality,etc.Tourist destination weather climate factors mainly include comfortable temperature and humidity,plenty of sunshine,gentle wind,clean atmospheric environment etc.These climate factors are what tourists expect in a comfortable journey.The selected tourist cities are mainly distributed in monsoon climate zone where raining and heat are over the same period with distinct season characteristic.The entire study area is high quality and rich in tourism resources.Through the analysis of spatial-temporal feature on the comfort degree of the tourism cities in Chinese Mainland,this study,from the horizontal dimension and vertical dimension,explores how natural environment factors work on tourism development.This study aims to help tour operators to optimize season structure,provide reference for tourists to help them travel healthily,and provide reference for the sustainable development of other similar tourism destination.This study,on the basis of the domestic and foreign scholars research,as well as considering tourism environment,tourism,comfort,etc.,puts forward the concept of tourism environmental comfort and build tourism environment evaluation system from the angle of the natural environment.This study,choosing 14 tourist city as the research objects,evaluates their tourism environment comfort from the main meteorological factors(climate and air quality)and have a spatial-temporal analysis.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The temperature and humidity index and wind index of the 14 selected tourist cities showed a small fluctuation from 2013 to 2016.The temperature humidity index and wind index in spring are the most comfortable for human so that there is the longest suitable travelling time in spring.There is also has a long time suitable for traveling in fall.Meanwhile,summer has the shortest suitable traveling time because the weather in summer is so hot that people feel sultry.(2)From 2013 to 2016,the overall climate comfort of the 14 selected tourist cities changed as "M" trend obviously.High comprehensive climate comfort index is mainly concentrated in spring and autumn,which shows spring and autumn are appropriate for tourism.Summer and winter are relatively not appropriate for tourism due to bad weather makes human feel tired.(3)The climate types of the 14 tourist cities selected in this study are mainly temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate.From 2013 to 2016,the comprehensive climate comfort in temperate monsoon climate area is superior to the subtropical monsoon climate area in the summer months(June to August).However,in winter months(December,January and February),the comprehensive climate comfort in subtropical monsoon climate area is better,and the comprehensive climate comfort difference between spring and autumn is relatively small.(4)From 2013 to 2016,the overall air quality of the 14 selected tourist cities fluctuate as "U" trend.Air quality is the best in summer,and it is suitable for tourists to travel.In winter,the air quality is the worst,and suitable traveling time is the shortest.Spring and autumn are better than summer.(5)From 2013 to 2016,the overall tourism environmental comfort of the cities selected in this study shows a stable highest comfort with a slight change.In 2015,there are the best tourism environmental comfort and the longest tourist time.Meanwhile,kunming is the only city that is in tourist season all year.From the perspective of time dimension,comparing with winter,there is longer comfortable tourist time from spring to autumn.There is the lowest comfort level in summer month.From spatial dimension,air pollution in winter is not easy to spread due to central heating in the north of China.That's why there is low comfort level.Meanwhile,low comfort level tourist cities are mainly concentrated in the low latitudes in the southern city because of the hot weather in summer.