On Dreyfus' Philosophy Of Artificial Intelligence

As a frontier subject,Artificial Intelligence has attracted the attention of numerous experts and scholars from various disciplines.Dreyfus was the earliest philosopher who devoted himself to Artificial Intelligence research.Dreyfus has always maintained a cautious and pessimistic attitude towards the development of Artificial Intelligence,believing that Artificial Intelligence cannot really simulate human intelligence behavior.He mainly uses phenomenological methods to analyze Artificial Intelligence.His philosophy of Artificial Intelligence can be divided into two parts.Firstly,he summarized the ideas of early Artificial Intelligence experts into four hypotheses,namely,biological hypothesis that the brain can be simulated,psychological hypothesis that the essence of thought is computation,epistemological hypothesis that knowledge can be formalized,and ontological hypothesis that the composition of the world exists independently from the region.On this basis,he criticized symbolism paradigm and connectionism paradigm.In Dreyfus' s view,the main problem of symbolism paradigm is to try to formalize human intelligence,ignoring the problem of common sense that cannot be represented and the important role of the body in human intelligence.The main problem with the connectionist paradigm is that it is extremely difficult to establish an interaction neural network similar to that of the human brain,and the connectionist paradigm cannot solve the common sense problem either.On this basis,Dreyfus and his brother Stuart Dreyfus put forward the skill acquisition model theory,which deepens our philosophical understanding and Discussion on the concepts of body and world,practice and cognition,skill and knowledge,and puts forward three major differences between human intelligence and Artificial Intelligence,namely,human beings have insight and can exclude unimportant elements through their own judgment Element,human beings have the edge consciousness,which hides our consciousness,but plays an important role in the global information processing.Human beings can also reduce the impact of ambiguity on the situation according to the global context,which is beyond the reach of Artificial Intelligence.While Dreyfus sharply criticized the research of Artificial Intelligence,many scholars refuted and criticized Dreyfus' s philosophy of Artificial Intelligence.For example,Collins believes Dreyfus' s point of view has defects in the selective application of philosophical criticism,confusion between the nature of individuals and social collectives,and the reason why computers cannot be socialized.Searle criticized Dreyfus' s unconventional theory.In Searle's view,consciousness exists of course,and it still exists consciously even when it reaches the stage of skilled coping.By comparison,however,it can be seen that the main difference between Collins and Dreyfus lies in the fact that the two have different approaches to AI research,but their core views are not in conflict.And Searle's argument with Dreyfus doesn't get to the heart of Dreyfus' philosophical view of artificial intelligence.Dreyfus has made outstanding contributions in improving the research of Artificial Intelligence and laying the theoretical foundation of intelligence.He has set up a good communication platform between philosophy and technology.The skill acquisition model theory provides us with a new scientific perspective of understanding.Of course,Dreyfus' s philosophy of Artificial Intelligence also has some flaws,such as too much emphasis on phenomenological analysis and too absolute argumentation.However,his work reflects that philosophy can indeed play a critical and guiding role in scientific research theory,and urges scientists to adjust the direction of development,guiding Artificial Intelligence research to a more reasonable and promising direction.Dreyfus' philosophical view of artificial intelligence has made a remarkable contribution to the transformation of our inherent thinking and dialectical view of the development of interdisciplinary disciplines.Beyond that,it also reflects the complementarity of philosophy and the natural sciences.The development of philosophy has provided a solid theoretical basis for a deeper study of AI,and the development of AI has brought about many new questions,the reflection and discussion of which in turn has contributed to the advancement of philosophy.Therefore,we can neither obliterate Dreyfus' s outstanding contribution in improving the research of Artificial Intelligence and laying the theoretical foundation of intelligence,nor can we ignore some limitations of his theory.Instead,we should treat his philosophy of Artificial Intelligence dialectically,give full play to the value of Dreyfus' s philosophy of Artificial Intelligence,and find the most suitable way for the development of Artificial Intelligence in the future.