| Active phased array radar has strong mobility,high output power,long operating distance,strong anti-interference ability,high resolution,various functions and high reliability,which is widely used in various military and civilian fields such as airborne early warning,spaceborne observation,missile-borne defense,communication,navigation,weather forecast,etc.The traditional active phased array system mostly adopts the brick and tile structure based on MCM technology.After years of development,its electrical performance and basic technology have been basically mature.However,in order to meet the increasingly demanding needs of various platforms,the following development goals are thin and light,highly integrated,reconfigurable,high performance,and low cost.To achieve these goals,highly integrated incorporation design technology must be adopted.Based on the introduction of research background and key technology theory of active phased array,this paper mainly focuses on the difficulties of high integration,miniaturization and thinness of active phased array.After the research on antenna design,3D electromagnetic field simulation of LTCC/HTCC substrate,electromagnetic compatibility,high density interconnection,package design,thermal management,T/R module,etc.,it provides a variety of active phased array sub-array design schemes.The X-band single-channel antenna micro-system and the X-band four-channel antenna micro-system are mainly developed.Both the single-channel antenna micro-system and the four-channel antenna micro-system are designed in two versions.The first version is the combined processing of the antenna and the coupler.and the T/R module is processed separately.The second version is all integrated processing.The specific work is as follows:1.The first version of X-band single-channel antenna micro-system.The design area of LTCC patch antenna unit is 24.5mm×14.3mm,occupying 29 layers of Ferro A6 M dielectric.The simulation results show that the VSWR is less than 2.8,the cross polarization level is less than-25 dB,and the relative bandwidth is 40% in the 8-12 GHz frequency band.The VSWR of the antenna unit measured by experiments is less than 3,the gain is about 6dB,and the pattern is not significantly distorted.The LTCC stripline coupler occupies 4 layers of Ferro A6 M dielectric,and the coupling degree is 35±2dB.The design area of single-channel HTCC T/R module is 9.1mm×9.1mm,occupying 11 layers of ALN dielectric.The experimental results show that the maximum receiving gain is 25.8dB in the 8-12 GHz frequency band,the receiving noise coefficient is 3.5~4.9dB,and the average transmitting output power is 29.6dBm.2.The second version of the X-band single-channel antenna micro-system.Its design area is the same as the single-channel LTCC patch antenna.The antenna,coupler and T/R module occupy a total of 37 layers of Ferro A6 M dielectric.3.The first version of X-band four-channel antenna micro-system.The design area of 2×2 LTCC patch antenna array is 36.4mm×28.6mm,occupying 35 layers of Ferro A6 M dielectric.The simulation results show that the active VSWR is less than 3,the cross polarization level is less than-25 dB,and the relative bandwidth is 40% in the 8-12 GHz frequency band.The VSWR of 2×2 antenna array measured by experiments is less than 3,the gain is about 10 dB,and the pattern is not significantly distorted.The design area of four-channel HTCC T/R module is 18mm×18mm,occupying 17 layers of ALN dielectric.4.The second version of the X-band four-channel antenna micro-system.Its design area is the same as the 2×2 LTCC patch antenna.The antenna,coupler and T/R module occupy a total of 43 layers of Ferro A6 M dielectric.5.The third version of the four-channel HTCC T/R module uses a form in which chips are placed on 6 sides of the ALN substrate.The design area is 12mm×12mm,which occupies 45 layers of ALN dielectric,of which 25 layers of dielectric are dug out in a large area,which can reduce the weight of T/R module. |
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