A Distance Vector Based Opportunistic Routing For Multi-buoy Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN)uses acoustic wave as the main communication method,which is a widely used underwater networking method.Because underwater acoustic channel has some disadvantages,such as large and time-variant transmission delay,narrow bandwidth,multipath effect,the development of underwater acoustic sensor network is facing severe challenges.At the same time,with the gradual expansion of underwater exploration,the deployment of a single buoy node on the water surface cannot meet the actual needs.This paper proposes a new routing protocol MVAOR(Void Avoidance Based on Opportunistic Routing for Multi-Buoy Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network).In the vast water environment where multiple buoys are deployed,we construct the acoustic-radio cooperation network to maximize the advantages of acoustic wave and radio wave in different environments.This protocol aims to promote cooperation of buoys and underwater sensor nodes,improve communication quality and ensure data transmission.Meanwhile,due to the high cost of an underwater sensor node,large-scale intensive deployment cannot be achieved.As a result,the problem of void area is especially prominent in low-density environment.The routing protocol proposed in this paper can avoid packet loss caused by void area.In practical applications,we need to use additional physical equipment to obtain depth or three-dimensional position information of underwater nodes.Therefore,the distance vector is introduced in this paper,which replaces depth and three-dimensional position and can indirectly reflect the position of nodes.In the process of forwarding the query packet,the underwater nodes get the distance vector.In the process of forwarding the data packet,the distance vector is selected as the criterion for node to judge whether this node forwards data or not.The data packet will be forwarded in the direction of decreasing distance vector.In addition,in order to avoid the problem of uneven energy consumption of nodes caused by always selecting the optimal path,the priority-destroy mechanism can be used to balance the energy consumption and increase the network life.In order to verify the advantages of the routing protocol proposed in this paper,this paper uses NS3 network simulator to construct a model of underwater acoustic environment.Byanalyzing and comparing the experiment results about DBR,VBF and MVAOR,MVAOR can effectively avoid the void area problem in sparse network environment and it presents a higher successful transmission rate.Besides,end-to-end delay,expected transmission count,network energy consumption and network energy consumption variance are lower than DBR and VBF.