Research On Energy Saving Clustering Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks(WSN)is a kind of wireless self-organizing network,which consists of spatially autonomously distributed sensor nodes.It is used to monitor physical or environmental information in different areas,such as temperatures,sounds,pressures.Currently,wireless sensor networks is widely used for target tracking and surveillance in civil and military areas.Moreover,It plays an important role in systems of natural disaster monitoring,biomedical applications,animal habitat monitoring and building management.A WSN node usually cannot be replaced because it is a type of perceptual communication equipment with energy-constrained.Therefore,energy efficiency is an important issue in WSN research,and it is critical to design energy-saving protocols for extending sensor life.In the WSN network,clustered routing has been becoming one of key areas in energy-saving routing technology,relying on the advantages of suitable topology management,easy data fusion and high energy utilization.This research studies different clustering energy-saving routing protocols for different scale networks,which contents three parts.Firstly,this paper introduces the composition of WSN,energy consumption factors and application directions.Furthermore,this study intends to discuss the design requirements of WSN routing protocols and the characteristics of various routing protocols,exploring the current energysaving clustering routing protocol around the world.It focuses on the analysis of intelligent optimization algorithm and clustering combined routing protocol,as well as the adaptability,advantages and disadvantages of various distributed non-uniform clustering routing protocols,for energy-efficient routing protocols,which provides ideas and directions in the future research.Secondly,aiming at the problem that the network is difficult to cluster due to many cluster head selection factors in small clustering networks,a WSN clustering routing protocol(NWOACT)based on nonlinear convergence whale optimization algorithm and threshold control is designed.The algorithm aims at the energy consumption of the cluster head communication,designing the objective function of the cluster head selection,then improving the convergence factor and shrinkage probability of the whale optimization algorithm(WOA)to obtain the NWOA algorithm of nonlinear convergence factor.The NWOA algorithm is used to select the remaining energy.The cluster head with lower communication cost;finally,by setting the energy threshold Thv of the new cluster,the number of cluster head replacements is reduced,and the clustering energy consumption is reduced.The experimental results show that the proposed NWOA-CT protocol can effectively reduce network energy consumption,optimizing network performance and extending network life cycle compared with LEACH,LEACH-C,PSO-C and WOA-C protocols.Thirdly,a multi-objective decision-making distributed WSN energy-saving clustering routing protocol(EMOC)is designed to solve the problem of excessive energy consumption caused by node communication load imbalance in medium and large cluster networks.The protocol considers several factors,such as the residual energy of the node,the number of neighbor nodes and the distance between the node and the base station,clustering the network non-uniformly.Also,a distributed multi-objective decision method is selected as the best relay node for the cluster head to establish an inter-cluster communication path.In the intra-cluster communication phase,the soft threshold ERROR is increased while the input of the useless information is reduced,so that the energy consumption of the nodes in the cluster is reduced.Experimental simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively balance the network load,improving the energy efficiency of the network and prolonging the network working time.