Research On Clustering Routing And Adaptive MAC Algorithm For Energy-Efficient WSN

With the development of Internet of Things technology,Wireless Sensor Network(WSN),as the core of Internet of Things technology,has been widely used in smart home,environmental monitoring,medical care,urban construction and other fields.However,since the energy of the wireless sensor node is mainly provided by the battery with limited power,the limitation of its energy restricts the further application and development of the WSN.Therefore,how to make the energy of the node efficient and extend the life cycle of the whole network is the research of the wireless sensor network.One of the key points,this article is related to the research on energy-saving strategies of WSN.In the WSN,in order to better balance the energy consumption of the network and control the "hot spot" problem of the network,the life cycle of the entire network is extended.Based on the network layer,this paper proposes a non-uniform clustering routing algorithm based on improved K-means clustering and optimized cluster structure,The algorithm first selects the initial clustering center according to the number of neighbor nodes and the neighborhood radius of the nodes in the network,and iteratively clusters until the standard function converges to form the initial cluster;Then,a weighted evaluation function of distance and average residual energy is introduced to optimize the initial cluster to form an optimal cluster structure;Then the nodes in the cluster conduct cluster head elections based on their remaining energy and the distance to the cluster center;In the final data transmission phase,data is forwarded to the base station by means of intra-cluster single-hop and inter-cluster multi-hop.Simulation results show that the improved algorithm can effectively balance the energy consumption of the network and prolong the network life cycle.In the Media Access Control(MAC)of the WSN,a periodic sleep/listening scheduling mechanism is adopted,which can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the node.In view of the problem that the node is idle listening for a long time and wastes a lot of energy during the working phase,this paper improves on the basis of the classic S-MAC protocol and designs an energy-saving strategy with adaptive update mechanism.That is,the node contention window size is adaptively updated according to the busyness of the network channel,and the network traffic load factor is introduced to adaptively adjust the node duty ratio,which reduces retransmission due to packet collision and node idle listening when the network load changes.Simulation results show that the improved algorithm can better adapt to changes in network load and improve network throughput while ensuring data transmission,effectively reducing conflicts between nodes and prolonging the life of wireless sensor networks.