Research On Interaction Design For Smart Watches' Movement Adaptation

The use of smart devices in locomotion has become more frequent than before along with the increasing mobility of the wearable device technology.Smart watches are the largest market for wearable devices;it is a significant problem needed to be tackled that how people interact with smart watches and how the interaction influence users' behavior in locomotion.This research has three aims.(1)to explore which presentations of information on smart watches is better in locomotion;(2)to explore how locomotion influence the users' interaction behavior with smart watches;(3)to explore how interaction behavior influence users' moving behavior.This research,based on experimental methods,includes three parts.(1)based on the prior studies on menu structures,patterns,and layouts,this research explores the influence of icon amount and visual density on users' performance and subjective perception.(2)based on these detailed results on smart watches' menus,the influence of locomotion and the presentation of navigation aids on users' performance preception is analyzed.(3)to investigate the influence of locomotion on basic interaction systematically,the research analyzes basic interaction and gestures with smart watches when users are standing,strolling,walking,rushing,and jogging.15 elderly people and 51 young people were recruited.All prototypes on smart watches and phones were developed using Android/Java.The experimental results of icon amount and visual density show that a small number of icons(e.g.8 icons)on the smart watch is great.In that condition,visual density of 4 or 8 icons per page is appropriate.If the total number of icons is large(e.g.24 or 48 icons),the visual density could be designed as 4 icons per page.The experimental results of locomotion and navigation aids show that the use of smart watches in walking is the same as sitting when doing daily tasks.Using smartwatches when running reduces effectiveness,perceived ease of use,perceived usefulness,and flow experience,and it increases subjective cognition workload.By using static navigation aids and dynamic navigation aids,the design of the smart watch can be improved.This research suggests that static navigation aids should be adopted in sitting or walking,and dynamic navigation aids should be adopted in running.Through these two methods,perceived ease of use,perceived usefulness can increase,and cognition workload can be reduced.The experimental results of locomotion,gait,and basic interaction show that under the walking and running conditions,the effectiveness and efficiency of clicks on the smart watch's screen could be greatly reduced.Two methods to overcome the deviation of clicks are proposed.One is to use the click-offset vector field to correct the click behavior based on the position on the screen based on the user's locomotion conditions;the other is to distribute important clicks in the “C” area of the screen.With regard to the swiping,the short-term raising gesture,and the long-time raising gesture,the influence of movement on performance is not significant.Regarding the wrist gesture,the running has a strong negative effect on it.This study suggests that adopting angle sensor data is a better way of gesture identification.In addition,the accuracy rate of gesture recognition can be improved by adding the signal filtering model of the swing arm.The interaction with smart watches leads to a decrease in step length with about 13%(when rushing)and 17%(when logging),and also results in a decrease in step symmetry with about 65%(all levels of locomotion).The effect of movement on screen swiping,short-and long-time arm gesture is not significant.The research gives basic parameters of arm gesture,including the duration of lifting arm(0.58~0.66 s)and laying down arm(0.74~1.13 s)and the changed angle(VT axis: 133~152 degrees;ML axis: 65~70 degrees),and also gives the duration of wrist gesture(wrist forward: 0.61 s;wrist back: 0.66 s)and the corresponding changed angle(VT axis: 72 degrees;ML axis: 101 degrees).These data can provide design criteria to research in the future.This study explores the design of interaction with smartwatches in locomotion.The method used to measure the posture in this study is high portability and lightweight.This research focuses on the most basic interface interaction and proposes future design criteria.It has a fundamental and important role in overcoming the design of interaction with smart watch interfaces in locomotion.