An Empirical Study On The Influence Of Government R&D Input On Innovation Output Of Universities

Since the 1990 s,the world economy has gradually shifted from industrial economy to knowledge economy,and the theory of national innovation system has gradually been recognized by scholars.Many scholars have found that the national innovation system which attaches importance to knowledge creation and technological innovation is more suitable for the era of knowledge economy.As one of the discoverers and creators of knowledge,the knowledge created by universities has a profound impact on the economy and society.However,according to the theory of neoclassical school,the innovation activity itself is uncertain and the innovation output belongs to quasi-public goods,so the innovation activity of colleges and universities needs appropriate intervention from the government.The Chinese government's funding system for university innovation activities is four levels: state council,ministries,schools and researchers.The State Council formulates the national science and technology development plan,and the four ministries and commissions determine the investment in research and development in combination with the departmental plans.Therefore,the funding system of our country belongs to the decentralized type which contains the strong national will.Since the establishment of the research project system in 2001,China's government R&D input can be divided into competitive input and non-competitive input according to the input mode.In addition,innovation activities can be divided into basic research activities,applied research activities and experimental development activities according to the research content.For different subjects,the emphasis of their innovation activities is different.Therefore,government R&D input can be divided into basic research input and applied research input according to the types of innovation activities focused on by universities.First of all,the paper makes a descriptive analysis of the current situation of innovation activities in colleges and universities,and finds that the scale of government R&D investment in China keeps increasing,and the structure is characterized by "emphasizing competitive investment over non-competitive investment","emphasizing applied research over basic research".Secondly,three research hypotheses were proposed from the perspective of scale and structure.H2: the impact of government competitive input and non-competitive input on innovation output of universities is different;H3: there is a difference between government investment in basic research and applied research on innovation output of universities,and this difference is related to time.Then,based on the provincial panel data from 2004 to 2016 and the instrumental variable GMM,the thesis empirically tested the hypothesis and analyzed and interpreted the results.In addition,in order to ensure the reliability of the estimation results,the robustness test was carried out in three aspects,namely,prolongation of lag period,reduction of research sample and change of measurement index.The results show that :(1)government R&D investment has a significant impact on the authorization of invention patents,but has no significant impact on non-invention patents and patent sales contracts.Among them,invention patent embodies the technological value of innovation output,and patent transfer contract embodies the market value of innovation output.(2)competitive input has a significant impact on the authorization of invention patent,but non-competitive input has no significant impact on it.(3)in the short term,both basic research investment and applied research investment have a significant impact on invention patent authorization,but the latter has a more significant impact.To verify the reliability of the estimated conclusion,Finally,the paper puts forward policy Suggestions from the following three aspects for the problems found in the research,such as unreasonable input structure,insufficient marketization degree of innovation output and system defects.Improve the management system and output evaluation system of scientific research funds;From the quantity and the quality two aspects increase the university human capital investment.This paper mainly studies the impact of the scale and structure of government R&D input(input mode and input activity type)on innovation output of universities with different values.This,to a certain extent,deepens the theoretical mechanism of the government's R&D investment on the innovation output of universities and enriches the research literature on university innovation.At the same time,the research results of this paper contribute to how the government further enhances the positive impact of input on innovation output of colleges and universities according to the input structure in China's economic transformation and upgrading.