Research On The Design Of Biological Activity Course Based On Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory

The basic guiding ideology of activity course is "promoting development through activities".Biological activity course is based on biological knowledge and carried by activities.By all kinds of the contents and forms of activities,biological activity course can stimulate students' interest in learning and cultivate the students' comprehensive abilities.It's an important way to develop the key competences of students.In the context of advocating key competences,how to promote the development of students' key competences through biological activity course? Comparing the age division of students in elementary education in China with the four-stage age division of Jean Piaget's(hereinafter referred to as "Piaget")cognitive development of children,it can be found that both of them are basically consistent in age segment.Piaget's cognitive development theory points out that children's cognition is a continuous developing process,and the characteristics of children's cognitive development are different in different age groups.Therefore,at different stages of learning,choosing activities that are compatible with students' cognitive development,establishing the organic connection among the activities of each learning stages,and constructing the step-by-step training system,the development of students' key competences can be better promoted.This research firstly refers to the results of relevant scholars in the design pattern of activity course,and the general processes of biological activity course design are summarized : analysis before activity design(including activity object analysis,activity content analysis)→ activity goal determination → activity strategy formulation → activity implementation → activity evaluation and reflection.Then,under the guidance of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory,the author analyzes the characteristics of students' cognitive development at all stages of elementary education in China.Combined with this analysis,under the activity theme of "Approaching Green Plants",the author chooses activities suitable for students in kindergarten,elementary school,junior high school and senior high school,formulates corresponding activity themes and designs the activity plan as follows:(1)The theme of the activity at the kindergarten is "leaf 'printing machine'",which aims to enable children to learn how to rub and preliminarily understand the shape of the leaves;to cultivate the scientific spirit of children's courage to explore and realize the enlightenment of children's aesthetic taste.(2)The theme of the activity at elementary school is "leave the beauty of leaves by knocking".This activity is based on the original rubbing activity.Through this activity,students can learn how to knock,rub and dye the plants,further understand the shape of the leaves,and learn that the plant leaves contain pigments.It encourages students to try boldly in the activities,learn how to sum up experiences,and actively seek solutions to problems,so as to cultivate the scientific spirit of courageous exploration and diligence,and their aesthetic taste.(3)The theme of the activity at the junior high school is "The Secret of the 'Green Leaf' Oxygen Workshop".Through the activity courses in kindergarten and elementary school,students have already known the leaf shape and color of the leaves.The junior high school activity course aims to let students understand the function of the leaves,through independent design experiments to verify that green plants produce oxygen through the photosynthesis of the leaves,so as to further develop the scientific attitude of exploration of students,the social responsibility of loving and respecting the nature,and cultivate students problem-solving skills and rational thinking.(4)The theme of the activity at senior high school is "Unlock the 'fingerprint' password of the leaves".Through the above three stages of activity course,students have a certain understanding of the structure and function of the leaves.The activity course at senior high school is more difficult and more informative,which allows students to further understand the structure and function of the leaves.By designing experiments independently,students can explore the best way to separate mesophyll tissue and vein of leaves,and make bookmarks of leaf vein.On the basis of developing of existing competences,let students learn to use the Internet to obtain effective learning resources and cultivate their information consciousness.In the process of screening the best experimental scheme,students' ability to criticize and question can be cultivated.Based on Piaget's cognitive development theory and aimed to the cultivation of students' key competences,biological activity courses are designed for the four stages of learning: kindergarten,elementary school,junior high and senior high school,and specific analysis is made for the design scheme of activities to discuss how biological activity courses in line with students' cognitive development can promote the development of students' key competences.Finally,the author selected the design scheme of activity course in elementary school for practice,and interviewed teachers and students for understanding their feelings about the activity course.Through analysis and practice,it is found that the biological activity courses based on Piaget's cognitive development theory have a promoting significance in the cultivation of students' key competences.It can be summarized as follows:(1)Promote development through activities and promote the transformation of students' learning style;(2)Based on cognitive development,promote the cultivation of key competences by teaching students in accordance with their aptitude;(3)Establish organic connections to promote the growth of key competences at all stages of learning.It is hoped that through this kind of biological activity course,the students' learning style can be transformed.Meanwhile,students can learn something at every learning stage to promote the development of key competences.Nowadays,the promotion of key competences is encouraged.Hope this research can provide some ideas for the designs of biological activity course in the future,and also provide some references for front-line teachers to reform their teaching methods.