A Study On The Barriers From The Separation Of The Government Authorities,Management And Assessment In Public Primary And Junior High Schools

Educational modernization requires the modernization of educational governance.The promotion of separating the government authorities,management and assessment is the basic requirement for the modernization of educational governance,also the basic way to establish a modern educational governance system.Although China has made a great deal of exploration and achieved corresponding progress towards the separation of the three parties for public primary and secondary schools,the practice of the separation still remains superficial and perfunctory.What's more,related academic researches may fail to reveal the deep-seated obstacles to this separation.In fact,taking institutional analysis as a tool,the deep mechanism of the separation obstacles in public primary and secondary schools is mainly due to the institutional obstacles in the process of educational modernization.At first,due to various subjective and objective factors,the unbalanced rights-responsibilities-benefits game relationships in which the government authorities excessively dominant,the schools not independent enough,the educational assessment groups extremely vacant,has been remained and came into been the path-independence,leaving a profound long-term impact on the later development of the relationships among the three parties.Then,facing the practice of the separation of the government authorities,management and assessment,various difficulties have made the loss outweighs the gain for each of the corresponding party.Therefore,each of them lacks the motivation to participate in the reform and innovation practice.Facing the realistic situations that the government authorities,management and assessment fail to separate with each other,the existing institutions has made it beneficial for each of the corresponding party.Therefore,each of them chooses to retain and maintain the current situations.In these two cost-benefit comparisons,transaction cost is the essential factor.At last,the three parties of the government authorities,management and assessment are all faced with the risk of opportunistic behaviors as well as kinds of predicament in multiple trust-agency relationships.This has made the governmentauthorities excessively dominant but stability lost,the schools not independent enough but autonomy withered,the educational assessment groups extremely vacant but independence absent,in the rights-responsibilities-benefits game relationships among the three parties.Consequently,the imbalance and ambiguity of the rights-responsibilities-benefits relationships among the government authorities,management and assessment,that is the educational property right defects in which the government authorities excessively dominant,the schools not independent enough,the educational assessment groups extremely vacant;as well as the tripartite educational property rights unbalanced game,is the fundamental obstacle to the separation of the three parties.This obstacle has been through three main stages of origin,solidification and continuation.Further regulating government power,clarifying the autonomy rights of schools and educational assessment groups and cultivating their autonomy,further improving and deepening the overall system and mechanism of communication,consultation,interaction and cooperation among the government authorities,management and assessment,will definitely contribute to overcoming and eliminating the educational property rights defeats,so as to promote the orderly relative separation and effective interaction and coordination among the three parties.