A Study Of The Motivations,Policies And Characteristics Of The Establishment Of World-class Universities In India

Higher education is an important basis for social development and the source of power for social development,so social progress cannot be separated from the development of higher education.After entering the 21 st century,the establishment of world-class universities has become a trend in the field of higher education.At present,the research of Chinese scholars on world-class universities is mainly concentrated in the United States,Britain,Germany,France,Russia,Japan,South Korea and other developed countries,while the research on developing countries is relatively less.In this paper,India,the world's second largest developing country with similar national conditions to China,is selected as the research object,by analyzing the policies and plans implemented in the process of creating world-class universities,summarizing India's successful experience and outstanding problems,it has certain guiding significance for China's "Double first-class" construction.This paper mainly adopts literature research method,text analysis method and comparative analysis method,trying to discuss the policies and plans made by India in the process of establishing world-class universities under the background of economic globalization and the internationalization of higher education through the theory of national competitiveness,and whether Indian universities have made substantial progress after the implementation of these policies and plans.India's construction of world-class universities is based on the two considerations of improving national competitiveness and accelerating the internationalization of higher education,since the “ninth five-year” plan,the Indian government has formulated a series of detailed policies and plans on construction objectives,application qualifications,selection procedures,funding sources,university management,quality assurance and internationalization.In the past two decades,although some policies and plans have not been carried out smoothly due to various reasons,in general,India has made certain achievements in the construction of world-class universities,such as fifteen “Universities with Potential for Excellence” have made significant breakthroughs in academic research in key areas;by March 2019,three public universities and three private universities have entered the list of Indian ministry of human resources development;although the number of international students studying in India is small,it has been on the rise since 1995;some universities,including the Indian institute of technology,are actively recruiting excellent international teachers from all over the world;the number of Indian universities on the world's recognized university rankings is also growing.At the same time,India has encountered some difficulties in the process of establishing world-class universities,which are also caused by the problems existing in Indian higher education itself,however,it is undeniable that India's successful experience and outstanding characteristics in building world-class universities also provide reference for China's "Double first-class" construction,China should increase the proportion of higher education budget in the total government financial expenditure,broaden the channels of higher education funds;promote the reform of "de-administration" in colleges and universities,expand the autonomy of colleges and universities;improve the internal and external quality assurance mechanism of higher education,and make effective use of educational resources.