| Because of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,many universities decided to relocate in order to continue their education.In the early period of the Anti-Japanese War,the relocation of National Central University was the most thorough and successful.On December 1st,1937,National Central University officially reopened in Shapingba,Chongqing.National Central University was faced with many difficulties after relocation,but National Central University had been carried on teaching work with stability throughout the Anti-Japanese War.The internal governance system of Central University-the division of power and responsibility of different entities within the university,as well as the design and arrangement of mutual cooperation in the operation process-mainly caused this situation.The design of the system could be reflected through regulations,chapters and so on.It was relatively clear,but the personnel arrangements was more critical as it determined the actual situation of the operation of the internal governance systemThe internal governance system of National Central University was mainly composed of two parts.One was the administrative organization system and the other was the conference system.There was an interdependent relationship between the two.In the administrative organization system,the levels of institutions were clearly defined,from the university-level to the hospital-level,and the division of labor and responsibilities were clear.During the period of anti-Japanese war,the administrative organization of the university was also constantly updated.From 'a principal and two directors'to‘a principal and three directors',the settings of various groups under the guidance of the Teaching Office and the General Affairs Office were continuously changing.The establishment of the Institute,the Baixi Campus and the Training Division expanded the existing administrative system,along with more frequent changing of the person in charge of each department.At the same time,due to academic development and the needs of the country during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,new departments(groups)were established on the faculty level,The conference system based on administrative organizations was the process of internal governance of National Central University.In addition to the university affairs conferences,academic conferences,general affairs conferences,and training conferences specified in the‘Outline of the National Central University Organization',there were departmental conferences,administrative conferences,professors' meetings,and various committees that played important roles in the internal governance of the university.National Central University's conference system had a clear hierarchy and each part had specific responsibilities to improve the efficiency of university affairs.The framework of the entire conference system during the Anti-Japanese War period did not change much.However,if we delve into the details of specific meetings,we will notice some changes.For example,the membership and the content of the university council meeting and the executive meeting changed,as well as the nature of the Professors Association.The committees,such as the Rice Supervision Committee and the staff new building dormitory allocation adjustment committee,reflected some characteristics of the anti-Japanese warTo ensure the smooth internal governance of the university,the education fund,beyond the system and the ideas,was the material guarantee for educational development,which was an important object that cannot be ignored.From 1932,the National Central University's funding was entirely borne by the central government.Because other sources of income were relatively small,Central University relied heavily on government finances.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.the state's financial situation was strained,so the central government directly reduced education funding.Later,although the regular fee of National Central University increased,the value ratio of funds was drastically reduced due to soaring prices,and the allocation of funds was negligible under the rate of economic deterioration.In order to alleviate the university's financial crisis and maintain the operation of the university,the principals all thought of trying to raise funds for National Central University.However,the only way was to apply for additional funds from the National Government and bank loans.In order to alleviate the university's financial crisis and maintain the operation of the university,the principals have all tried to raise f'unds for the National Central University.However,there are only two commonly used ways to raise funds.They applied to the National Government for additional funding or bank loans.The specific amount is related to each principal's ability and the principal's 'upper-level contacts'.Under the premise of principal responsibility system,the departures of Luo Jialun and Gu Mengyu were related to difficulties in funding,because the financial issue had a direct impact on the personnel arrangement of Central University's internal governance system.Although the direct financial crisis of the National Central University was caused by the deterioration of the domestic economy in the context of the Anti-Japanese War,from the perspective of the titles and effects of the various presidents,the funding of Central University was subjectively affected by the relationship between the principal and the National Government.In fact,the impact of funding on the relationship between the principal and the National Government was merely a representation.The internal governance system of the National Central University was affected by the external environment.Although this external environment was complicated by economic,political and social factors during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,the political factors represented by the national government were the most prominent.Changes of the leadership in the university and the positions in government opened the veil of various factional struggles.During the War of Resistance Against Japan,the internal governance system of National Central University presented three distinctive features.First,the Nationalist government has strengthened its control over Central University.This control was manifested in the adjustment of the establishment of the administrative organization and conference system of Central University through the promulgation of relevant education policies and decrees.It was also reflected in the party's state.In particular,the selection of principals was involved in the factional struggle within the Kuomintang.Second,in the context of Anti-Japanese War,the internal governance system of Central University was facing opportunities and challenges from the war The opportunities were mainly due to the establishment of additional departments and cooperation with the government for the purpose of serving the war of resistance and serving the country.Among all the challenges,the most prominent and direct manifestation was the financial issue.Third,in the process of internal governance of the National Central University during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,academic factions within the university struggled fiercely,and there was even a phenomenon in which a certain faction professor group took over the university's administrative power.This phenomenon was differed from the traditionally known 'professor-managed' university that is open to democracy. |
