An Experimental Study On Raising The Equitable Distribution Of 5-year-old Children By Model Education

Equitable distribution behavior belongs to pro-social behavior.The development of equitable distribution behavior is an important aspect of children's social development,reflecting children's moral development level.Piaget believed that children between the ages of 6 and 9 have not yet reached the average distribution level.Half of the 10 to 12 years old children tend to distribute resourses on average.The rest can even distribute resourses on demand or other more equitable distribution based on specific circumstances.Fehr also showed that 3-4-year-olds tend to distribute resourses selfishly,5-year-old children began to distribute resourses on average.Until 7-8,children's average distribution behavior was gradually increased.However,Damon argued that children between the ages of 5 and 6 have been able to make an average distribution.Children aged 6-7 can distribute according to work,and children after age 8 can show on-demand distribution and love distribution.It can be seen that the researchers have different views on the age characteristics of the development of equitable distribution behavior.And whether 5-year-old is the disputed age that can distribute resourses equitably is not confirmed.Therefore,this study will investigate the development level of eqiutable distribution behavior of 5-year-old children.And carry out educational intervention to children who do not meet eqiutable distribution level to promote the development of their eqiutable distribution behavior.Bandura believed that in the social context,most of the human behavior is learned from the demonstration process.People learn the concept how to operate this behavior from the observation of others,and this encoded information can be a guide to behavior in the future.Thus,it is effective to use the model education for improving children's behavior.Rushton's study found that the model education can improve the donation behavior of children and have a lasting effect.Not only that,the model education is better than other training methods to improve the pro-social behavior of young children.This conclusion came from Chen Xu and Liao Quanming's research.They have conpared the effect of empathic training,attribution training and model education.This research contains two parts,the first study contains one independent variable named modle education and the variable contains two levels,modle education and non-modle education.The dependent variable is the changes of children's equitable distribution behavior——the changes of children's equitable distribution behavior proportion.The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of modle education on the equitable distribution of 5-year-old children,and its immediate effect and sustained effect.The second study contains two independent variable named modle education and task context.Modle education contains two levels,modle education and non-modle education.The task context contains two levels,self-task context and others-task context.The dependent variable is the child's equitable distribution behavior——the proportion of children's equitable distribution behavior.The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of model education and task context on the equitable distribution of 5-year-old children.Based on the conditions of this study,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)In the case of non-intervention,most children can reflect the equitable distribution of behavior,but 40%of the 5-year-old children did not reach the level of equitble distribution.(2)Modle education has a positive effect on the equitable distribution of 5-year-olds,and this promotion has immediate effects and sustained effects.That is,the children who take the modle education are more likely to show equitable distribution in the distribution test.(3)After taking the modle education,5-year-old children,whether in self-task or other-task,all reduced the self-allocation behavior,significantly increased the average distribution behavior.But they have not been able to show equitable distribution according to the needs of the task itself.(4)Model education promote the 5-year-old children's equitable distribution significantly.Specifically,children who have been given a modle education can expree less sellfish discourse,more average doscourse.But for need discourse,the change is not significant.Based on the results of this study,the following educational recommendations are proposed:(1)For children who do not reach the average level,teachers can be targeted to carry out training,but for children who have reached the average level,teachers should not demand them harshly.Teachers can give them flexible guidance based on children s existing level.So as not to let children cater to adult excessively,making them suppress their reasonable needs.(2)Modle education is an effective way to cultivate the equitable distribution of children aged 5 years.Teachers and parents can choose the model whose development level,living environment are closed to children to provide a demonstration,then discuss with children.For example,when other children show an average distribution behavior,teacher can guide the child to pay attention,and later discuss the average distribution behavioi-with the child.(3)Parents are the first teacher of young children.They are the model for young children.Therefore,parents should do more pro-social behavior,and avoid the occurrence of bad behavior in front of children.At the same time,parents can also help young children choose active television programs and books to promote the establishment of children's good behavior norms.