A Study Based On The Instructional Design Of The Normal Students' Physics Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Pedagogical Content Knowledge(PCK)is the important part that the development of teacher professionalism focused on.In this situation,teachers are faced on more challenges.For normal colleges and universities who training future teachers,the current situation of PCK the normal students have been cultivated is a problem worth studying,especially the PCK of specific disciplines,such as their physics PCK.This research is based on the final projects of the physics required course for junior normal university students.Through literature review,it was found that the framework of PCK which proposed by Magnusson et al should be adopted in the Instructional design that in a specific subject.On this basis,Park et al 's theory was combined,that is,the five elements of PCK were at the same level,and then the index system of this paper was constructed in connection with physics.This paper mainly has two specific studies.One is based on the index system,used the quantitative text analysis of the frequency statistics to carry out the normal university students physics statistical status of PCK from their Instructional designs.In addition,the conclusion that whether there are significant differences in PCK elements and indexs from the three aspects of gender,the subject in middle or high school,and the two parts of Instructional design,can be used to provide suggestions for the training of normal university students.The another study is based on the Instructional process of "force resolution" of a physics normal university student in three periods of training,to determine whether the training can change PCK and what aspects it has been changed.These results can provide a basis for the cultivation of PCK elements or indexs for normal university teacher educators.The specific conclusions are as follows:(1)Among the normal students' five elements of physics PCK,the Knowledge ofeffective instructional strategies is the most in the five elements of physics PCK,followed by the Orientation towards teaching,the knowledge of physics curriculum,the knowledge of student ideas and the knowledge of assessment methods is least.It shows that normal university students have more knowledge of effective instructional strategies and the Orientation towards teaching,but lack of the knowledge of student ideas and the knowledge of assessment methods.So,normal colleges and universities need to strengthen the knowledge of these lacked aspects when training normal university students.The distribution of indexs under the five elements is not the same,In general,they tend to take the teacher-based activities,such as guided questions and demonstrations,less considered the elements or indexs of students' pre-concept,student experiments,etc.,the knowledge of assessment methods in the overall proportion is less.In the aspect of orientation towards teaching,students are more inclined to cultivate students physical concepts and its applications,but pay less attention to students physical ability and scientific thinking.These present conditions are consistent with the one-dimensional performance of exam-oriented education.And,the scientific attitude ranks second in the Orientation towards teaching of normal university students,which indicates that normal university educators pays more attention to this knowledge.(2)Among the PCK elements and indexs of normal university students,only the indexs of students' knowledge have significant gender differences in learning difficulties,and female normal students are significantly greater than males,which indicates that female students pay more attention to theoretical learning difficulties.Then normal universities can strengthen male normal students' awareness in this aspect when cultivating normal university students.Other PCK elements and their indexs have no significant difference in gender.(3)The knowledge of normal university students in certain physical ability,teaching resources,pre-concept,demonstration,especially hands-on demonstration and experiment which are in middle school physics is significantly more than in high schooll physics of the instructional designs.But the index of scientific thinking is opposite.Junior middle school students are in the concrete operation stage and they are just exposed to physics.Teachers need to connect with students daily life,to set up teaching situations and use demonstrations,especially physical demonstration to teach.While senior middle school students are in the stage of formal operation,normal university students tend to promote the development of their scientific thinking.These results show that training enables normal university students to have the knowledge thatstudents of different ages needs different methods and strategies to teach.(4)The knowledge that the normal students have in the part before the instructional procedure of the instructional designs,the Orientation towards teaching,the knowledge of physics curriculum,the knowledge of student ideas and some of their indexs are significantly more than they are in the instructional procedure.The knowledge that the normal students have in the instructional procedure are focused on their implementations,such as the Knowledge of effective instructional strategies,the knowledge of assessment methods and some of their indiexs.However,some indexs,such as scientific thinking,certain physical ability,scientific attitude and responsibility,and experiment,have no significant difference in the two part of instructional design,and these knowledges are less in both parts.There is no significant difference in teaching resource,but it is more in both parts.Therefore,normal university teacher educators should pay attention to these problems when training the instructional design for normal university students,to reinforce the knowledge what they lack,and to make the two parts of instructional design more consistent.For example,before the instructional procedure,it should also indicate how to evaluate students.(5)Comparing the PCK elements and its indexs in the instructional procedure of the "force resolution" of a normal university student in the training process,it is found that training has changed the normal university student's the knowledge of physics curriculum,the knowledge of student ideas.But there is not much difference in the Knowledge of effective instructional strategies,however,these subtle differences make the teaching effect far from each other.This study enriches the theory of PCK on specific topics in physics,in particular,the research of PCK based on instructional design.Quantitative text analysis also enriches the determination method of physics PCK.Case comparative analysis confirmed that training can change some elements of normal university student's PCK.All these results provide some valuable guidance for the normal universities teacher educators to cultivate the physics normal students.