Research On Education And Training Of Informally Employed In Cities And Towns

In the early period of reform and opening up,China’s urban economic development level was low,and its ability to absorb employment was not strong.For the large number of working-age people in the city,the state adopted a policy that allowed individuals to seek jobs on their own,and the informal sector began to appear “embryonic”.After the 1990 s,with the continuous deepening of reform and opening up and the continuous improvement of economic development,a large number of rural surplus laborers began to flock to city;on the other hand,the massive reduction of redundant personnel in the reform of state-owned enterprises combined with the impact of the Asian financial crisis led to the ability of the formal employment sector to promote employment has been declining,while non-regular employment has shown a trend of rapid development.It is generally believed that informal employment play a very important role in coordinating the increase of urban jobs,transfer of surplus rural laborers,and elimination of poverty.However,it is undeniable that informal employment still faces some problems in its development process,mainly including: poor stability in informal employment,low wage level,poor working conditions and lack of social security.At this stage,the laborers engaged in informal employment in China are mainly the rural surplus laborers,urban laid-off workers,and employees of individual and small-and micro-enterprises.This group is at the edge of the city.Its distinctive feature is the low human capital stock.The difference in the human capital stock between the informal employment and the formal employment has directly led to a large income gap between the two groups,which has intensified the conflicts of interest among social strata and caused unfavorable factors affecting social harmony and stability.Therefore,the key to the development of informal employment is the quality of labor in informal employment,and the solution to this problem is to provide training to informally employed laborers.This article first analyzes the status quo of education and training of informal employment : the education level of informal employment in China is generally low,and there are obvious differences in the level of education among different informal employment groups;the training participation rate of non-regular employment in China is also small.The rate of training participation in informal employment among different industries is relatively different.On this basis,this paper presents the problems in the process of informal employment training.Secondly,with the supply and demand of informal employment training as the starting point,the contradiction between the supply and demand of informally-employed training is explored.From the perspective of training supply,the training of informally-employed is quasi-public products,which provides training for the government to participate in informal employment.The market provides a theoretical basis;from the perspective of training needs,the actual demand for informally-employed for training is insufficient,and it is still essentially a rational choice after analyzing the cost-benefit.Finally,an empirical model is used to analyze the factors affecting the training of informal employment.The study found that gender,educational level,and unit character are the main factors affecting the participation of informally employed in training.Enterprises are generally reluctant to train informally employed laborers,and there is a more serious discrimination.Based on the above analysis,this paper attempts to explore and improve the informal employment of labor to explore and improve the informal employment of labor training policies and effective training model,improve the quality of informal employment laborers,and promote the development of informal employment.