Study On The Mechanism Of Classroom Cooperative Learning In China's Primary And Secondary Schools

Cooperative learning is a beneficial attempt to reform classroom teaching,change students' learning style and solve the problem of educational equity which brought from the large size of class.However,problems such as formalization,simplification and immobilization have emerged in school practice.S ince self-organization theory focuses on how the system forms self-organization force in the interaction of various elements,and then develops from disorder to order,it provides a new theoretical perspective for solving the above practical dilemma of cooperative learning.Based on the implementation of cooperative learning in current classroom teaching,this study applies research methods such as observation,interview and theoretical analysis comprehensively,focuses on a number of typical cases,analyzes the characteristics of self-organization characteristics and forming conditions of this kind of learning discusses the possibility of cooperative learning evolving from hetero-organization into self-organization,reveals the self-organizing mechanism and operating rules of cooperative learning,and puts forward strategies of cooperative learning in classroom teaching.This study will focus on these three questions.(1)What is the current situation of cooperative learning in classroom teaching?(2)How is cooperative learning construct,organize and evaluate from the perspective of self-organization theory?(3)How to improve the self-organization character of cooperative learning in classroom teaching?Based on the analysis of self-organization theory and practical cases,the following conclusions are drawn in this study: cooperative learning could improve self-organization character and evolve from hetero-organization to self-organization under the guidance of teacher.Openness is the precondition of self-organization evolution of cooperative learning.The system needs to exchange materials,information and energy with the external environment constantly.Under the relationship of positive interdependence,the team members can fully interact with each other through competition and cooperation,which provides power for the self-organization evolution of the system.Internal conflicts and external influences in cooperative learning break the original balance of system and force it into new order,which is the key turning point of the self-organization evolution.The evaluation of cooperative learning promotes the spiral development of the system.Therefore,the self-organization mechanism of cooperative learning is constitutive of environmental optimization mechanism,organization operation mechanism,internal and external coordination mechanism and evaluation mechanism.Operational rules play an important role in promoting the self-organization evolution of cooperative learning.They include grouping and seating arrangement,organizational procedures and evaluation.Grouping and seating arrangement refers to the principle of heterogeneous grouping and paying attention to seating arrangement.The organizational process covers the selection of the group leader,the determination of different roles,the regulation of the order of speech,the development of dialogue and consultation,and the overall report of the group.Evaluation refers to self-evaluation within the group and mutual-evaluation out of the group.As a component of the external environment of cooperative learning system,teachers provide students with sufficient materials,information and energy.O n the other hand,teachers input certain operation rules in the early stage of cooperation to guide the group to internalize rules and generate new rules consciously,so as to promote the group cooperative learning syste m to change from a state of weak self-organization to a state of strong self-organization.Based on the above research,this paper comprehensively considers the interaction between various elements within the group cooperative learning system and the relationship between the system and the external environment,puts forward some countermeasures to solve the dilemma of group cooperative learning: opening environment to create self-organizing conditions;adjusting the target to generate self-organizing attractors;interacting sufficiently to synergize self-organizing elements;evaluating in multi-dimension to optimize the self-organizing path.