Research On The Relations Of University Students' Physical Activity,Physical Shape And Switch Function

Research Objectives:Switch function,as one of the sub-functions of executive function,has a close relationship with people's daily life.The efficiency of it will directly determine people's ability of whether can change mental set freely or not.Some researches demonstrate that sports can promote the efficiency of executive function.However,sports that have been carried out in these researches are all short-term exercises which have a poor ecological validity.Besides,these researches all focus their executive function model on some sub-functions like inhibition control,refresh function.Few research focus on the transformation function measurement model.Moreover,physical shape can also influence the transformation function.Therefore,this article aims to analyze the relations among physical activity,physical shape and transformation function through using the accelerometer and body component tester.Research Method:162 university students have taken part in this research(74 female students and 88 male students),with an average age of 19 years old.The research first has supervised the time of their physical activity in a week,including sedentary,light physical activity,moderate and vigorous activity.Then,the students are required to conduct physical fitness test,including body mass index(BMI),waist hip ratio(WHR),fat and viscus fat area.Last,they will finish the transformation function tests based on Task-switch assignments.The assignment requires students to judge the magnitude or parity of the number.This task has adopted the block method,some merely require the judgement of magnitude,some merely the parity,some both.The gap of the average reaction time between the block that has only one task and the block that has mixed tasks is called the total conversion cost.The gap of the average reaction time between the conversional condition in the mixed block and the nonconversional condition in the mixed block is called specific conversion cost.These two conversion costs are generally considered as the criteria of transformation function.According to the exercise time,the research has divided these students into three groups: the group of insufficient exercise(less than 21 minutes a day),the group of moderate exercise(between 21 and 42 minutes a day),and the group of healthy exercise(more than 42 minutes a day).The research has compared the performance of each group in finishing Task-switch assignments and made analysis.In addition,the research has compared the physical shape of different groups according to the general international index and their performance in completing Task-switch assignments,and make relative analysis.Research Results:Research results: first,gender difference will exert influence on university students' physical activity and physical shape index,but has no influence on transformation function.Male students sit more and exercise less than female students.The body mass index of male students is obviously higher than female students.While,the body fat and visceral fat are much lower than female students.Second,female students who exercise more will have a lower total conversion cost than the female students who are insufficient in exercise(t =2.471,p <0.05).The exercise time and the total conversion cost of female students are correlated negatively(r=-0.295,p <0.05).Third,the specific conversion cost of male students who have a normal body mass index is much less than those who have an abnormal body mass index.The specific conversion cost and the body fat index,the visceral fat area of male students are correlated positively.(r=0.262,p<0.05;r=0.227,p<0.05)Research Conclusion:(1)Female college students' physical activity time is significantly higher than the male college students;the existing foreign standards do not make a good distinction between college physical activity levels.(2)At present,the body shape indicators of university students are generally normal;the body mass index of males is significantly higher than that of females;the waist-hip ratio does not discriminate the abdominal obesity of female students well.(3)Sports exercise of middle and high level strength will promote the cognitive transformation efficiency of females.(4)The high level of body mass index,body fat and visceral fat will increase the cognitive switch cost of males.