The Decline Of Birthrate In Beijing And Shanghai Between 2008 And 2018 From The Perspective Of Chinese Women

There is a trend in the birthrate decline in Chinese metropolises such as Beijing and Shanghai between 2008 and 2018.The birthrate decline occurs as the reproductive behavior of women changes,which is a consequence of social changes in society.Reproduction of the population includes processes of natural movement of the population,that is,the birthrate,mortality rate,marriage rate and divorce rate.Although Chinese government has carried out and implemented the “Two-Children Policy” since 2015,it has eliminated all restrictions on the birth of two children by a family.However,the implementation of this policy is not significant and has not prevented the birthrate decline in Chinese metropolises.There are many reasons for this phenomenon.One of the important reasons is that most women of childbearing age in Chinese metropolises no longer regard fertility as the most important goal based on the consideration of cost of life and career development.There are significant changes in the views of Chinese women on marriage,children and family.The desirability of late marriages,late childbirth,limiting the number of children in order to ensure the health and well-being of the next generation has already become a common understanding of young women.In young families,they are equally happy to have a boy and a girl.Creating a happy and harmonious small family,a scientific and civilized lifestyle has gradually become the social norm.This thesis deepens into the birthrate decline in Beijing and Shanghai over the past decade from the perspective of Chinese women.This phenomenon is being explored through in-depth analysis of this problem and through official statistics.The views of Chinese and foreign scholars are combined.China’s current situation and experience of other countries in the birth policy,possible solutions to the problem from the perspective of women are provided.This thesis consists of four chapters.Chapter One is the introduction part of the thesis.This chapter puts forward the research problems of the thesis,sorts out the preliminary research literature of related issues,and determines the research methods of the thesis.Chapter Two specifically examines the reasons of the birthrate decline in Chinese metropolises in the past decade,focusing on the independence of Chinese women in the new era,changes in family values,the increase in divorce rates,the impact of the “One-Child Policy” on female’s choice,and the DINK phenomenon.This part includes a description of research results by conducting an interview,a part of this interview is aimed at identifying the attitude to the phenomenon of DINK of women living in Beijing and Shanghai.It is believed that with the changes of times,the rising cost of living in big cities,and the pursuit of women’s career development,the influence of traditional family norms and family values on women’s fertility will gradually decrease.Chapter Three,based on the above reasons,combined with China’s current situation and experience of other countries,as well as the analysis results of the actual questionnaire,attempts to propose possible solutions to the issue of birthrate decline in Chinese metropolises from the perspective of women.Possible solutions to this problem from the perspective of women are presented in percentage terms.The current complex socio-economic situation in the world is largely due to individual demographic situations in different countries,especially among economically active countries like China.So that changes in the size and composition of the population in China do not strongly influence the economic development of the whole world today and in the future,deep research of demographic processes and appropriate consideration of their features in the structure of public administration and international cooperation are needed.Conclusion part of the thesis summarizes the theoretical and practical aspects of the birthrate decline in Chinese metropolises from the perspective of women,and gives a certain prospect for the future of the subject research.The last section contains an appendix that includes a complete interview,conducted with women living in Shanghai.In summary,in the whole thesis,it was given a general view of low birthrate problem in Beijing and Shanghai from the perspective of Chinese women recent 10 years,giving insights of their general situation,profile and feelings towards their attitudes to giving birth.