Comparative Study On Transfer Effect Of Vertical And Horizontal Resistance Training On Power,Speed,and Change-of-Direction Performance

Objective To compare the transference effects of vertical and horizontal resistance training on the performance of vertical jump,sprint and change of direction.Back squat is one of the most popular classic training exercises,and hip thrust is a pure horizontal loaded exercises,although hip thrust is used less in normal training program,but research shows that it was gradually became popular,so this study took squats and hip thrust as an example to explore the transference effects of vertical and horizontal resistance training on performance.Subjects and Methods A total of 26 subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups: squat group(n=9),hip thrust group(n=9)and control group(n=8),and then strength training intervention was conducted twice a week for 8 weeks.Countermovement jump height,10-,20-and 30-m sprint times,Pro agility test were among the measured performance variables,in addition to back squat and hip thrust 1 repetition maximum(1RM)strength.After data collection and summary,repeated measures ANOVA analysis was used to compare the influence of different strength training methods on the measured performance variables.Results(1)In the squat group,there was significant improvement in squat 1RM(ES=2.02,p <0.05)and hip thrust 1RM(ES=1.90,p < 0.05).In the hip thrust group,squat 1RM(ES=1.25,p < 0.05)and hip thrust 1RM(ES=2.81,p < 0.05)also showed statistically significant improvement.However,no significant changes in 1RM of squats(p > 0.05)and 1RM of hip thrusts(p > 0.05)were observed in the control group.(2)In the hip thrust group,20 meters(ES=-0.58,P < 0.05),30 meters(ES=-0.44,P <0.05),Pro agility test time(ES=-0.42,P < 0.05)and CMJ(ES=0.38,P < 0.05)were improved after intervention and showed significant differences.In the squat group,there was no significant difference in sprint performance before and after the experiment,but the Pro agility test and CMJ were significantly improved(ES=-0.81,P < 0.05,ES=0.50,P < 0.05,respectively);No significant changes were observed in the test variables of the control group after the experimental intervention.(3)Only 10-meter sprint time was significantly different between the hip thrust and control groups(ES=-0.71,p < 0.05).The results of the intergroup comparison between the squat and the control groups showed that there were significant differences between the squat 1RM(ES=1.91,p < 0.05)and 10-meter sprint time(ES=0.08,p < 0.05).The intergroup comparison between the hip thrust group and the squat group showed that the hip thrust 1RM was close to the significance level with a large ES(ES=1.90,p=0.053),and there was no significant difference in other variables.ConclusionsHorizontal resistance training has a higher transfer effects on the movement with higher horizontal force demand such as sprint,while vertical resistance training has a higher transfer effects on the movement with higher vertical force demand such as vertical jump and change-of-direction.Different resistance training forms have different adaptation to the body,and the body will have specific adaptation to different training patterns,thus affecting the performance of sports.