Foster Care And The Subjective Well-being Of The Elderly

From 1978 to 2018,China's reform and opening-up has been carried out for 40 years.In the past 40 years,China's economy and society have underg one rapid changes.The quality of life of the people has also been significant ly improved.People's demand for material life has gradually increased,while paying more and more attention to their subjective psychological feelings.Th e term "well-being" has been mentioned in more and more public places.W hether in government work reports or special interviews with news media,pe ople pay more and more attention to happiness as an external manifestation of subjective psychological feelings.Considering the background of populatio n aging in China,it is estimated that by 2020,the population aged 60 years and over will reach nearly 250 million,and the level of aging will reach 17.17%.By 2025,the population aged 60 years and over will reach 300 millio n,becoming a super-middle-aged and old-aged country?.In order to actively cope with the aging population and improve the subjective well-being level o f the middle-aged and elderly groups,this paper studies whether the behavior of raising grandchildren from generation to generation can improve the subjec tive well-being level of the middle-aged and elderly groups,starting from the very common phenomenon of raising grandchildren from generation to gener ation in Chinese society.In the long history of our country,people usually put clan family and bl ood relatives in a very important position.Elders usually want their children to be filial and grandchildren.Grandparents,as the main bones in family org anizations,usually play various roles.They are Parents,wives,husbands,gra ndparents or grandfathers,they bear the due diligence in the role transition a nd enjoy the warmth of the family.According to statistics,the middle-aged a nd middle-aged groups have become a major activity in their old-age life,an d nearly 50%of their grandparents choose to help their children to look afte r their grandchildren.The motivation of middle-aged and middle-aged groups to raise their grandchildren from generation to generation usually stems fro m the work pressure of their children.Young couples are forced to work or promote the pressure of going out to work,so they have to leave their childr en to their parents to look after or hire.Nanny,the middle-aged and elderly p eople at this time are also willing to take the initiative to help their children to look after their grandchildren and relieve their children's life pressure.Se condly,middle-aged and elderly people may have physical or mental pressure in the process of raising their grandchildren in different generations,but the c ompanionship of their grandchildren has alleviated the loneliness and loneline ss in their old-age life,and they have also gained happiness and happiness.T herefore,this paper mainly focuses on the influence of generations of grandchi ldren on the subjective well-being of middle-aged and middle-aged groups,an d further explores the degree of subjective well-being of middle-aged and mi ddle-aged groups,and analyzes the subjective well-being of different middle-ag ed and older groups.The heterogeneity of the senses finally leads to some i nspiration from our research conclusions.The research significance of this paper is to use the middle-aged and ol d-age groups as the micro-study object,and use the intergenerational rearing b ehavior as the starting point of research.Using the 2013 data of China Healt h and Pension Tracking Survey(CHARLS),the method of causal score matc hing is used for causal recognition.In the process,we analyze the heterogenei ty impact of intergenerational support on different middle-aged and older gro ups,and analyze the subjective attitudes of different middle-aged and elderly groups on the changes of the generations of grandchildren and the increase i n the number of grandchildren,and further study the intergenerational parentin g behaviors.The mediating mechanism of subjective well-being of middle-age d and middle-aged groups makes the research conclusions serve the formulati on and implementation of relevant public policies in China in the future,and more actively respond to the aging of the population.The research methods in this paper include theoretical analysis and empi rical analysis.First,we used theoretical analysis methods in literature review,model selection,and empirical results analysis.We summarized the influencing factors of subjective well-being among middle-aged and elderly people from previous research literatures and basic theories.These factors were influence d by classification and induction.It is attributed to the factors of demographi c characteristics and family characteristics,which are based on socio-economic characteristics,and these factors are extracted as control variables in the emp irical analysis.Secondly,the ordinary least squares method and the propensity score matching method are used in the empirical analysis.In the propensity score matching method,all the observation values are divided into the process ing group and the control group,and the tendency of the sample observation value to enter the processing group is calculated by Logit estimation.The sco re value is matched to the valid sample based on the propensity score value.In this paper,the nearest neighbor matching method,the radius matching meth od and the kernel matching method are used in the propensity score matchin g method respectively.The group regression method is used in theheterogenei ty analysis,and the regression adjustment method is used in the mechanism a nalysis.The research content of this paper mainly includes five aspects.First,thi s paper sorts out the previous research literature,summarizes the influencing f actors of subjective well-being of middle-aged and middle-aged groups and th e decision-making factors of intergenerational support.Second,the use of OLS to regression the baseline model,initially to observe the relationship between the parental support behavior and subjective well-being.Thirdly,the propens ity score matching method is used to identify the relationship between subjective well-being and intergenerational support in middle-aged and elder people,to deal with endogenous problems caused by sample "self-selection",and to c onduct robustness test.Fourth,the sample regression of different middle-aged and older groups was conducted to study the heterogeneity impact of interge nerational support on different middle-aged and older groups.Fifthly,using the regression adjustment method,the mediating mechanism of raising the subject ive well-being of the middle-aged and the elderly is analyzed,and the contrib ution rate of different intermediary mechanism variables in raising the subject ive well-being of middle-aged and elderly groups is calculated.The conclusion of this paper is that intergenerational raising behavior im proves the subjective well-being of middle-aged and elderly people.That is t o say,among the middle-aged and elderly people who also have grandchildren under the age of 16,the middle-aged and elderly people who look after their grandchildren have higher levels of subjective well-being than the middle-ag ed and elderly who do not look after their grandchildren.The study found th at the intergenerational behaviors have different effects on different middle-ag ed and elderly groups.The middle-aged and elderly people aged 45-55 can li ve with their children and get more happiness from the "care for their grand children".We also found that as the age of middle-aged and older people i ncreases,the proportion of generations of grandchildren will gradually decrease,and the increasing effect of intergenerational parenting behavior on their sub jective well-being will gradually weaken.At the same time,changes in the ty pes of grandchildren and the number of grandchildren will also affect the su bjective well-being of middle-aged and elderly people.In addition,the mechan ism analysis shows that the reduction of loneliness in middle-aged and elderl y people,the number of children seen and the increase in financial support fo r children are the internal causes of the improvement of subjective well-being.This paper further decomposes the various intermediary mechanism variables to enhance subjective well-being.The level of contribution.The above findi ngs are still established after the robustness test.The innovation of the text is to select sample data from 28 provinces,w hich makes up for the lack of extensiveness in sample selection in previous studies.Using the propensity score matching method for causal recognition ef fectively solves the endogeneity problem.Using the regression adjustment me thod proposed by Rubin(1979),the decomposition rate of intermediary mecha nism variables to improve the subjective well-being of middle-aged and elderl y groups was further decomposed.However,there are still many shortcomings in this study.First of all,this paper only uses the cross-section data of 2013 for causal recognition and regression analysis.In future research,we can c onduct on-the-spot follow-up surveys to conduct a detailed analysis of the ch anges in subjective well-being of middle-aged and elderly generations before and after raising their grandchildren.Secondly,subjective well-being is a subje ctive psychological feeling.Different respondents' self-perception and evaluatio n criteria are different.This paper uses the content of the cognitive and depr ession part of the 2013 CHARLS questionnaire,which can be found in futur e research.More emotional variables or psychological activity variables,more detailed description of the psychological activities and behavioral performanc e of the middle-aged and older groups in the process of raising their grandc hildren.