| Objective: Long-term regular strength exercises and endurance exercises stimulates could induce the specific adaptation at the cellular and molecular level to maintain the human health and fitness.Based on muscular strength(i.e.,muscular endurance,hypertrophy,maximal strength and explosive force)and cardiopulmonary system,carrying out various life activities for humans.A single-mode exercise improves the muscular mass or cardiorespiratory capacity,but concurrent strength and endurance training would achieve the optimal benefits for strength and aerobic capacity,which are more effective in promoting people's health and fitness,enhancing performance,preventing chronic diseases and rehabilitation.However,incorporating both resistance and endurance exercise simultaneously occurs interference effect in adaption process,and could have a negative effect on exercise gains.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to evaluate the external and internal stress response induced by various acute and short-term concurrent training programmes,and proposes essential strategies to maximize strength and endurance training gains.Methods: The general physical fitness,intra-physiological indicators,performance levels and static postural sway parameters were assessed following various acute and short-term concurrent training programmes before and after,the parameters including body weight,BMI,HR,HRV,anaerobic or aerobic work capacity,muscle strength or endurance,muscle power,coordination and performance.Results: 1.Acute concurrent training programmes:(1).Exercise intensity.The HR and LF/HF were significantly increased compared to rest during exercise and recovery 5min after exercise(P < 0.05),and the RMSSD,SDNN/HR,HF and LF were significantly decreased compared to rest during exercise and recovery(P < 0.05).During exercise,the SDNN for MH+E was significantly increased compared to rest(P < 0.05),the EPOC,TRIMP,lactic acid and RPE for all groups significantly were increased compared to rest(P < 0.05).There were no statistical difference among groups was found in HR,RMSSD,SDNN,SDNN/HR,HF,LF and LF/HF during exercise and recovery.The EPOC,TRIMP and RPE were no significant difference among groups,and the lactic acid for MH+E was significantly increased compared to ME+E and MM+E(P < 0.05).(2).Exercise order.The HR and LF/HF were significantly increased compared to rest during exercise and recovery(P < 0.05),however,the RMSSD,SDNN/HR,HF and LF were significantly decreased compared to rest during exercise and recovery 5min after exercise(P < 0.05).During exercise the SDNN for MH+E was significantly increased compared to rest(P < 0.05),and the SDNN for E+MH and E+MM was significantly decreased compared to rest(P < 0.05).The EPOC,TRIMP,lactic acid and RPE for all groups significantly increased compared to rest(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference among groups was found in HR,RMSSD,SDNN,SDNN/HR,HF,LF and LF/HF during exercise for different exercise order programmes,whereas the SDNN for MH+E and MM+E was significantly increased compared to E+MH and E+MM during exercise(P < 0.05),the LF/HF for MH+E was significantly decreased compared to E+MH(P < 0.05).During recovery,The HR for S+E was significantly increased compared to E+S(P < 0.05),the RMSSD,HF and LF for S+E were significantly decreased compared to E+S(P < 0.05),and the LF/HF for MH+E and MM+E was significantly decreased compared to E+MH and E+MM(P < 0.05).The EPOC for S+E was significantly increased compared to E+S(P < 0.05),the lactic acid for MH+E was significantly increased compared to E+MH(P < 0.05),and the TRIMP and RPE were no significant difference among groups.(3).Recovery duration.During exercise and recovery,the HR,RPOC and TRIMP for all groups was significantly increased compared to rest(P < 0.05),and no significant change was found among them(P > 0.05).During recovery,the RMSSD,SDNN,SDNN/HR,HF and LF for any exercise group were significantly lower compared to rest(P < 0.05),and the LF/HF for all groups was significantly increased compared to rest(P < 0.05),but no significant change was found for RMSSD,SDNN,SDNN/HR,HF,LF and LF/HF among them.Moreover,the static postural sway for post-exercise was significantly higher than rest in any group(P < 0.05),but the change magnitude of static postural sway for C-24 h was lower compared to C-0h and C-3h(P < 0.05).After exercise 20 min,the static postural sway for all groups had declined to basal level.2.Short-term concurrent training programmes: There was no significantly effect of the body weight and BMI between before and after training(P > 0.05),the HR for after training was significantly decreased compared to before(P < 0.05),and the RMSSD for after training was significantly increased compared to before(P < 0.05),whereas the SDNN,SDNN/HR,HF,LF and LF/HF showed tendency to increase,but there was not different significantly between before and after(P > 0.05).The anaerobic or aerobic work capacity,muscle strength or endurance,the coordination and performance were significantly increased compared to before(P < 0.05),however the maximal lower limb explosive power had no significant difference between before and after training(P > 0.05).Conclusions: 1.Acute concurrent training programmes: Overall,various acute combined strength and endurance training could induce specific accurate response of autonomic nervous system(ANS).The intensity of strength exercise had no significant effect on ANS regulation during exercise and recovery phase,and exercise order did not effect on ANS regulation during exercise,but the S+E exercise order induced relatively higher sympathetic activity and metabolic response during recovery,which could have a negative effect on strength exercise gains.In addition,the diverse recovery duration had no significant effect on ANS regulation during recovery phase,but the static postural control capacity had greater improvement when recovery duration up to 24 h,suggesting a longer recovery delay between sessions(i.e.,up to 24 hours),seemed to be necessary to minimize the acute interference on concurrent training potential gains.2.Short-term concurrent training programmes: The short-term integrative training programmes improved cardiac autonomic nervous system adaptations,and promoted the anaerobic or aerobic work capacity,muscle strength or endurance,coordination and performance,but the lower limb explosive power had no change,showed there are interference effects in short-term concurrent training,suggesting the endurance training total volume is a major mediator of interference to maximal lower limb explosive power during short-term combined strength and endurance training. |
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