Impacts Of Number Of Children On The Labor Force Participation And Income Of Female Migrants

Since the late 1990s,migrant women accounted for more than half of the total population,the huge migrant women groups has become China's economic growth source can not be ignored.Since the implementation of the "two separate children"policy in 2013,China's family planning policy on January 1,2016 once again made a major adjustment that implement a comprehensive two-child policy.The implementation of comprehensive two-child policy will make the impact of fertility on women's participation in labor and income status more and more prominent.Based on the dynamic monitoring of the floating population survey data from 2011 to 2014.Different from the shape of labor supply curve of national female,we find the labor supply curve of female migrants exhibits M-shape.Furthermore,the labor supply curve of female migrants who have given birth exhibits inverted U-shape.The empirical results show that addition children have negative effects on labor force participation rate of female migrants,raising children make youthfully female migrants are more likely to drop out of the labor market.Further observation,using the first chlid's gender as the instrumental variable,we find the number of children marginal increase has less significant influence to non-agricultural migrants.But it significant reduce labor force participation rate of agricultural migrants,and this influence weakened by the need of family economic support.Agricultural migrant's labor force participation rate marginal degression.Continued birth has a significantly positive influence to Agricultural migrant's labor force participation rate when they have given birth to the second child.In order to solving the problem of sample selection in the income equation,this paper use the Heckman two-step method to analyze the effect of fertility on the income level of migrant women.The empirical results show that the increase of the number of children will significantly reduce the income level of agricultural female migrants,but play a positive role to non-agricultural female migrants.In order to explore the differences in the income of women with different numbers of children,the empirical results obtained by Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition show that the income difference between one child and many children is mainly due to the difference of endowment characteristics,among which the degree of education has the greatest contribution to income inequality,and the endowment characteristic returns to expansion of the income difference played a restraining effect.The policy meanings of this paper is to improve female migrants labor force participation rate,especially agricultural migrants without compromising the effective implementation of comprehensive two-child policy.We must focus on improve the employment environment for female migrants and create flexible jobs that can balance family life.