Study On The Elements Of The Implementation Process Of The Policy Of Changing Latrines To Latrines In Villages-based On Smith Process Model

As a process of transforming policy content into reality,policy implementation plays a vital role in policy activities and their life cycle.At present,the rural household toilet reform policy formulated by the state is becoming more and more perfect,and localities have made concrete the household toilet reform policy in light of the actual situation.Although a series of policies have been issued successively and there are also implementation plans,these are still ideological policies.What is the implementation process? How do the various elements of the implementation process relate to the policy and affect the results? This requires a detailed analysis of the policy implementation process in practice to summarize successful implementation experience and improve the influencing factors of policy implementation to be improved,which is of great significance for improving policy execution and enhancing the effectiveness of policy objectives.In the 1970 s,Smith constructed his policy execution model from the perspective of the policy implementation process and the factors affecting the policy implementation,and evolved the factors affecting the policy implementation into idealized policies,implementing agencies,target groups,and policy environments for the purpose of investigating households to change toilets.The process provides ideas.This article uses the Smith policy implementation process model as a framework to analyze the influencing factors of L township households' toilet improvement policy implementation process,including policy norms,implementing agencies,target groups,and policy resources.It can be found how they affect households by influencing the policy implementation process.The effect of implementing the toilet reform policy also provides suggestions for the implementation of the toilet reform policy in China.The text of the central policy constitutes the normative basis of the L township household's toilet reform policy,which plays a guiding role in the implementation of the household toilet reform policy,but in practice there is a lack of clarity,authenticity,and stability,which affects the household toilet reform policy.Sex.In the process of implementing the household toilet reform policy,the state should promote the guarantee of the authenticity of the policy and establish a communication mechanism between the top and the bottom to ensure that the policy is consistent.The township government and the village committee are the leading executors of the L township household toilet reform policy,and the level of their execution determines the effectiveness of the policy implementation.However,in the implementation process,the lack of rationality in the implementation of the executive body,the lack of professional capabilities of the executive body,and the strategic and rights of the executive body have affected the process of implementing the household toilet reform policy.And optimizing the setting of the implementing agency,enhancing the professional ability of the executive subject and cultivating the executive subject as an awareness can effectively enhance the executive force of the executing agency,and thus promote the smooth implementation of the household toilet reform policy.Villagers,as the target group of the L township households' toilet reform policy,have a greater correlation with the policy's recognition and the effect of the policy implementation.Whether the policy can meet their interest demands is the condition for the successful implementation of the policy.However,in the process of policy implementation,there are phenomena such as low recognition of the target group and poor participation.Therefore,the combination of traditional propaganda and new media propaganda is adopted to enhance the identity of farmers,build an interactive platform to strengthen the interaction with the target group,so that farmers can express their claims in a reasonable way,and then promote the smooth implementation of household toilet reform policies get on.The supporting factors in the policy environment will become the supporting conditions for policy implementation.The dynamic effects of smooth execution will also improve and reshape the environment to a certain extent,thereby turning the environment into favorable conditions for policy implementation.Moreover,the main supporting dimension in Smith 's policy implementation is the resources for policy implementation,and the commonly used operational tool in the resources is fund disbursement.Therefore,capital guarantee is crucial in the policy environment.In Township L,due to the single fund-raising method,farmers 'burdens are heavy,and the village 's collective economy is weak,resulting in the lack of village cadres' discourse power,which restricts the effective implementation of households 'toilet reform policies.Therefore,by widening social capital investment and vigorously developing the village-level collective economy,L Township is provided with sufficient financial guarantees,and thus provides a good external support environment for the implementation of household toilet reform policies.In summary,in order to improve the effect of household toilet reform policies,it is necessary to combine vertical high-level promotion and upper and lower communication to ensure the standardization of policies at all levels;optimize organizational structure resources and enhance policy implementation effects;optimize target group interests and enhance policy approval;guarantee Financial support to promote policy implementation.