An Empirical Analysis Of The Factorsaffecting Female Labor Participation Ratein China

The rational allocation and highly efficient use of human resources is a must to a nation's economic growth.However,the supply and participation of labor is also one of the important components of human resources,which plays an important role in economic development.The labor participation rate has been neglected in China as an important indicator to measure the participation in the labor market.Women,as the bearers of reproductive behavior.They are not only an important component of the labor force,but also the main force of child and old-age care in the traditional concept.It is susceptible to the factors of cultural traditions,education level,marriage,birth,family structure,industrial structure,technological progress and so on.Female participation in the labor market helps to refresh their family and social status to promote their own development.Therefore,it is of practical significance to study the female labor participation rate.By referring to the existing research achievements,it is determined that human labor participation rate be studied from human capital,income level,fertility and marital status.Meanwhile,according to China's situation,considering that it pays highly attention to social welfare,it has increased the study on social pension security system for female labor participation rate,which selects the indicators of birth rate,gross fertility rate,the expenditure level of social pension insurance,total dependency ratio,divorce rate,urbanization rate,female higher education ratio and GDP from the perspective of the nation and every province respectively.This thesis tries to research on the employment situation of women in China from a multidimensional way.Based on the national total employment data of the time order during 27 years from 1990 to 2016 and the panel employment data of women in 31 provinces from 2006 to 2016,this thesis uses the statistics applications such as stata14 and SPSS23 to make multiple regression analysis.The national data is made for the maximum likelihood estimation ML regression method,and the data of each province is analyzed by the panel fixed effectmodel and also adopts the hierarchical cluster analysis method in the research.Based on the three indicators of female labor participation rate,birth rate and social pension insurance expenditure level,the female labor participation rate in each region and the similar regions were categorized to make the regression analysis in the western Middle East and cluster regions.Finally,it is found that the female labor participation rate is mainly related to individual,family and social factors,and the female labor participation rate is inversely related to the birth rate and total fertility rate,and proportional to social pension insurance expenditure level,total dependency ratio and divorce rate.At the same time,based on the research,it is also found that the development trend of female labor participation rate satisfies the U-shape.The female labor participation rate will gradually increase with the decrease of per capita GDP.When the per capita GDP reaches 108.63,the female labor participation rate is at the lowest level,then gradually increased.At present,China is still at the phase of economic development,and agriculture is still dominant among the national economy.Therefore,the participation rate of female labor is on the left side of the U-shaped curve.However,the future short-term development trend is still in a downward trend.Until the economic development reaches at the bottleneck stage but gradually gets stable,the labor participation rate will gradually develop.The trend is rising.Finally,reasonable suggestions were put forward for policy-makers.In order to further improve the quality of woman's labor participation and ease the employment pressure of women,it is necessary to take woman's oneself,family and social aspects into account and take policy measures to improve and develop: on the one hand,to improve the flexibility of work,improve social security mechanism,and raise the welfare level;on the other hand,we also need to concentrate on improving the accumulation of female human capital,actively shifting the concept of female employment,and adopting appropriate economic incentives.It will not only fundamentally solve the problem of woman's own employment,but also enhance woman's social status in essence.Even more,it properly manages early childhood education and old-age support.And finally we will realize the dream of maximizing the welfare of the whole society and improving the overall life happiness index.