The Study On The Gender Of "Wuniu Ancestor Worship" Of The Hmong In Middle Of Guizhou Province

Banchang Village of Huishui County is located at the junction of Gaopo Township and Huishui County,where Hmong people inhabit the middle of Guizhou Province.The male heads of the entire village are Hmong Yang surnames and belong to a family.Banchang Village is one of the best-preserved villages in the "Wuniu ancestor worship" ritual of the Hmong nationality community in middle of Guizhou province.The "Wuniu ancestor worship" ritual consisted of buying “Balang”,“Balang” transitions,and knocking on “Balang”.It took months and spent a lot of manpower,material and financial resources,it became the grandest activity of the society and can be said to be the epitome of the society.The ritual was jointly decided by the husband and wife.After agreeing with the family,they negotiated with the villagers and Wuniu owners to arrange various matters.The ritual process is sponsored by the owner of the Wuniu and participates in various procedures throughout the process.Gujia Co-organizers,assisting the Wuniu owners in knocking Buffalo’s neck,raising the Buffalo’s neck,and eating neck wine.It is not difficult to find that the cooperation of different genders is an important condition for the success of the ritual.First of all,the ritual has strict regulations on the objects of worship,the people involved in the sacrifice,and the objects used for the sacrifice.These provisions are the embodiment of the social concept of the Hmong people in middle of Guizhou province.Secondly,in the interior of the village,the main participants of the ritual activities of "Wuniu ancestor worship" must be males,ghost masters,drum masters,and Zhai Lao,who must be men and strictly obeyed from generation to generation;Between the villages,the important co-organizer of the "Wuniu ancestor worship" ritual,the Gujia,was linked together through the marriage of the females.Only in this way can the two stockades come into close contact.The orderly operation of the two led to the "Wuniu ancestor worship" ritual was carried out and passed down steadily.At the time of the ritual,the ancestors of the sacrificial offerings were equal in number;the ritual acts are performed by men,and women are mainly responsible for dealing with other villages;the sex of the sacrificial animal and plant is different according to the purpose.The paper takes the "Wuniu ancestor worship" ritual of Banchang village as the research object,uses the structural method theory to explore the gender structure and gender concept of the society,and concludes that the Hmong society is based on the spirit of equality;Male blood consanguinity is the mainstay of inheritance,female marriage is the link of connections,and forms a criss-crossing social structure system;under the influence of multi-level gender concepts,men and women have an orderly division of labor and cooperation.On this basis,the reasons for the succession of the "Wuniu ancestor worship" were discussed from the basis of inheritance,space,and organization,and analyzed the influences of the culture formed by the "Wuniu ancestor worship" rites in the Hmong in the middle of Guizhou province.