A Comparative Study Of Marx's Theory Of State And Giddens's Theory Of State

Marx's state doctrine is the philosophical theory of the state,and it is also the core of the political philosophy.Marx's study of the relationship between state and society has opened up a systematic understanding of the state and created Marx's state view.Based on the criticism of Hagel's state view,Marx saw the formation and development of the state with morphological significance,so he summarized the realistic reasons for the independence of the state: productivity development and class differentiation.Marx's state doctrine focused upon the states of capitalism,and he analyzed governing essence and functions of capitalistic countries,and he also analyzed the crisis of capitalist countries and the final extinction of violent countries from the perspective of class relations.Based on the historical materialism,Marx's analysis runs through the logic of "transcending" state morphology,which means that from the time a state comes into being,the state is constantly deconstructing the form of the state when it is a tool of violent rule.The relationship between the state machine and the class is directly related,and this machine eventually vanished with the extinction of the class.Of course,this does not mean that the formation and existence of a state is meaningless.The existence and construction of socialist form as a link to communism has its own specific value.Though inspired by the dualism of modern state and society,Giddens tried to overcome such dualism and to criticize Marx's state doctrine with his structuralization theory.He also classified social research into the state research,so when it comes to the matter of the emergence of the state,he criticized the historical materialism.Instead,from the perspective of a space,he study the "presence" and "availability" of the state from it's characteristics of rights,resources and system.On account of this,Giddens focused on researching a state form named modern nation-states,which was the most modern in the state's "presence" and was a special "rupture" in the pre-modern period.But he did not think that the risk of the modern nation-state was fundamentally determined by the class relations,while there was a crisis of "multiple dimensions".In this way,Giddens tried to stand in the position of the state to "improve" the adaptability of the state so that it could dealt with multiple crises.However,there are many contradictions and prejudices of Giddens' s criticism of Marx's theory of Marx's state doctrine.For example,there is a problem of selfconsistency in the criticism of historical materialism,and there is a misunderstanding of Marx's view of "eliminating the state".Of course,the emergence of these contradictions and misunderstandings owes to their differences in times,positions and visions.And the existence of these problems and the background difference reflect that Marx's state doctrine is more advanced,reasonable and systematic.Therefore,adhering to the theoretical guidance of Marx's state doctrine is very important for our state construction,especially for the modernization of the new era.It illuminates the correctness of the road,the richness of connotation and the vision of the world development as a socialist country under the guidance of Marx's state doctrine.