The Study Of School Of Patriarchal Clan In The Ming And Qing Dynasties:Taking Ting Zhang As An Example

In the macro situation of national governance,the school of patriarchal clan is the basic unit for education and enlightenment.In order to promote the Confucian education in Ming Dynasty,the government set up schools in province to county,even in village.But the popularization of education and enlightenment needs to rely on the spontaneous power of the folk,the school of clan not only a place for knowledge education,but also a place to popularization the enlightenment.The beginning of the social Confucianlize is the self-enlightenment of the clan.At the micro level of the patriarchal clan construction,the school of patriarchal clan is important to the development of the clan.The primary purpose of the school of patiarchal clan establishment is for the imperial examination achievement,therefore to enhance the social status of their clan,and win the initiative in the dispute with neighboring forces.The school of patriarchal clan in Ting Zhang area of the Ming and Qing Dynasties usually founded by gentry and merchants,they all have the experience of the imperial examination,educated and studious.In order to improve the atmosphere of learning,they set up some projects for study help and reward.The study help Including the founding of the fund as the material basis for the school operation,even building hotels in the province to facilitate the people who take part in the imperial examination.The study reward Including to hold some simulation test,then reward the people who gets the outstanding achievements.At the level of belief and geomantic omen also reflect the good wishes to improve the atmosphere of learning.All of those projects were pay tribute to the ancestor in order to unite the tribes.This is the embodiment of patriarchal clan.Education and enlightenment is the first strategy of administration,that is the salient features of Confucian political theory.Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty,the unrest in the Ting Zhang area was suppressed by military.Setting up new county for the purpose of strengthening control,then establishing the school to educate the people,It is the method of long-term peace and stability.In the late Qing Dynasty this area was unrest again,after that the local gentleman who was deeply Confucianism become the main maintainer of the social order,restore and develop the education and enlightenment it’s their first affair.They establish the school in their own patriarchal clan and improve the atmosphere of learning,advocating the Confucianism to stabilize the social order.