The Impact Of The International Involvement In The Syrian Crisis Between 2011 And 2016

The use by the Security Council of the powers vested in it to deal with the conflict in Syria is based on its use of the mandate given to it under the Charter of the United Nations to implement the international humanitarian law,and the application of the principle of international protection of civilians.The Charter of the United Nations does not define the legal framework for the intervention of the UN Security Council in non-international armed conflicts,through Articles 1 and 2,and not within the provisions of disputes resolving in Chapters VI and VII,but the Security Council,through its resolutions,decides the nature of these disputes and the legal basis for the intervention,which can be inferred through many of the decisions taken in this context.This thesis examines the impact of the involvement of the Security Council in resolving the conflict in Syria,and the compatibility of its practices in dealing with this conflict with the Charter of the United Nations and the provisions of international law,this is particularly important in the light of the significant increase in non-international armed conflicts compared to international armed conflicts during the last decade,and the calls for radical reforms in the international organization to play its role in the maintenance of international peace and security.It also examines the practices of permanent members of the Council in dealing with the issues of the conflict in Syria,and the compatibility of the using of veto by both,the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation,with the purposes of the United Nations principles and the provisions of international law.This research sheds light on the impact of the involvement of the Security Council in the escalation and continuation of the conflict through the inability of the Council to take any measures against the illegal practices of the States involved in the conflict and the armed groups supported by them.It also discusses the interests of countries involved in the conflict,and the new balance of major powers.This thesis also reveals challenges that the role of the Council has been facing since the conflict in Syria turned into an international war,in which various actors around the world,such as the United States of America,Russia,Turkey,Saudi Arabia,Iran,and Israel,as well as non-state armed and extremist groups are involved.The crisis in Syria is known as the greatest humanitarian crisis after the Second World War,and many scholars consider it a solid base for the outbreak of World War?,and the involvement of regional actors in providing military,financial,logistical and diplomatic support to non-state armed groups,has a long-term perspective,not only in Syria but throughout the world,as well as the commitment of both the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation to the provisions of international law guaranteeing the sovereignty of the Syrian state,the rights of the legitimate authorities to protect its people,its religious and sectarian diversity,and preserve its territorial integrity,is an important development in the treatment of permanent members in the Security Council on the issues of internal conflicts,and the use of the principle of international protection to justify international intervention in the' internal affairs of states.The China and Russiaveto to prevent any resolution that does not represent the unity of the vision of the Security Council,reflects the new balance of the major powers,and confirms the decline of the European role on the world stage to its minimum,while the confusion of the rest of the countries in determining their loyalty to the major powers that control their interests,stays historically self-evident.The declaration of a number of States of working outside the framework of the Security Council,should be considered during the debate on the role of the Security Council in the protection of international peace and security,and the extent to which States comply with its resolutions when opposing their interests.This study highlights the practice of the Security Council in resolving non-international armed conflicts,and the impact of these practices on the decision-making mechanism and results.The thesis uses both primary and secondary data.Primary data include government documents and interviews with State Department officials in the Syrian Arab Republic,while secondary data includes books,articles,magazines,presentations and the World Wide Web,offering many arguments on this international issue.First,the Arab League,Turkey,the European States and the United States announced their supporting and funding to the armed groups against the Syrian authorities with the aim of changing the political system in Syria,and sought the intervention of the Security Council as a party in exerting pressure on the Syrian authorities to achieve this objective.Second argument based on the announcement by the United States,the European Union and the Arab League of withdrawing from the Security Council framework,imposing economic sanctions on the Syrian authorities,threatening to use military force against them,and using military force to undermine the foreign policy of Syria and weakening its regional and international allies.The third argument is the use of the veto by the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation to prevent issuing resolutions that are not based on credible reports,or resolutions inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations and international law,in the light of the criticisms of the working mechanisms and on the results of the investigationon using chemical weapons and chemicals during the Syrian conflict.Finally,the Security Council's practices in dealing with the crisis in Syria were merely a reflection of the international balance of power,as Syria is today a battleground of the global conflict,and countries are struggling for their geopolitical interests.Consequently,the parties involved in the conflict will not withdraw unless the major powers that advocate them withdraw.The role that must be played by the Security Council today is to take strict measures to prevent states from providing any kind of support to the armed groups against the legitimate Syrian authorities,and as the Security Council decided in 2013 that the situation in Syria constitutes a threat to international peace and security,it would be better to decide to prevent any hostile act that could lead to direct confrontation between the major powers,which remains a clear and present danger.The purpose of this thesis is to answer the fundamental question about the impact of international involvement in the Syrian conflict,and the scenarios for a likely solution.