A Study On Conflict Between Bureaucracy And People From 1570 To 1579

This study takes the dispute of tax burden sharing of spun silk in Huizhou Prefecture which occurred between 1570 to 1579 as a typical case,and comprehensively uses the methods of literature research,case study and comparative analysis to make a historic investigation on the governance of civil-government conflicts in the late Ming Dynasty.Through the historic analysis of the governance of official-civilian conflict,this paper digs out its enlightenment to the current governance of social conflict,and seeks some experiences and strategies that can be used for reference in the governance of official-civilian conflict,so as to put forward countermeasures and suggestions pertinently.Through the systematic analysis and sorting out of the Huizhou Silk Case,we can find that both sides of the official-civilian conflict present a "shock-response" interactive game model,and the central and local governments passively deal with a series of events caused by tax disputes.When the situation tends to get out of control,the central government suppresses it in the form of state violence.In the conflict,the gentry,the rural sages and the elders of the people played an important role,and played a bridge role in promoting the development and resolution of the conflict,reflecting the appeal upwards and encouraging public opinion and propaganda policies downwards.The academy,as the information distribution center and the public opinion center in the conflict,played a role in promoting the evolution of the conflict under the management of the gentry.The research shows that the key factors affecting the evolution of Huizhou Silk Case include group interests,public opinion environment,negotiation effect and political background.The study finds that the Confucian discourse and its changes brought great influence to the Ming Dynasty society after 1566.After the social development has entered the industrial society from the agricultural society,although the types of official-civilian conflicts have ceased to exist with the development of society and the change of discourse,because of the existence of reflective monitoring of action,people will still make judgments and responses to the current action by re-grasping the past experience.Confucianism's discourse and practice consciousness are precisely through the reflective monitoring of modern actors' behavior,which reproduces the characteristics of certain acts at that time.Therefore,in the current period of social transformation,social conflicts inevitably have the characteristics of some conflicts between officials and people.We can use the strategies of resolving conflicts between officials and people to inspire us to find the strategies of easing and resolving social conflicts.According to the research,based on the analysis of official-civilian conflicts,we put forward some useful strategies for resolving official-civilian conflicts from the perspective of communication and consultation.Based on the experience and lessons of government-citizen conflict management,combined with the experience and lessons of the case and the current social governance practice,the following enlightenments can be drawn: preventing and resolving conflicts by means of system and rules;paying attention to the role of public opinion in conflict management;properly handling the conflicts between the new and old factors in the transformation in the reform,and making good use of the opportunity of resolving contradictions to promote the further development of reform.