Advantages Of Self-reference Processing

In the past,most related researches have examined item memory under self-reference condition,but few have explored source memory under self-reference condition.Source memory focuses on the background information of memory materials and provides different clues for memory.Although both item memory and source memory can lead to self-reference processing advantages,it is not clear whether there is any difference between the two.In addition,previous research results showed that different potency of stimulus materials caused inconsistent results of item memory and source memory.The current study explores the differences of item memory and source memory caused by different stimulus materials under the condition of self-reference processing.Study 1 adopts the classic self-reference effect paradigm and the source memory paradigm,and takes personality trait words as materials to explore the differences between item memory and source memory under the condition of self-reference processing.The results show that item memory and source memory have faster response time to self-condition than mother and Yao Ming condition,and there is no significant difference between mother and Yao Ming condition.The interaction between reference type and valence in item memory is not significant,while the interaction between reference type and valence in source memory is significant.No matter positive or negative words,when the subjects' response to self-condition is faster than that to mother and Yao Ming condition,there is no significant difference between self-condition and mother condition.In study 2,neutral item pictures and item words were used as materials to explore the differences between item memory and source memory under the condition of self-reference processing.The results of experiment 1 show that in terms of reaction time index,the item memory advantage of item pictures under self-reference condition is significant,the reaction time of self-condition and mother condition is faster than that of Yao Ming condition,and there is no significant difference between self-condition and mother condition.Under the condition of self-reference,the source memory of the pictures of articles has obvious advantages,and the self-reaction time is faster than that of mother and Yao Ming.In terms of the recognition rate index,the recognition rate of item pictures under self-condition is higher than that under mother and Yao Ming condition,regardless of item memory or source memory.There is no significant difference between mother and Yao Ming condition.The overall recognition rate of item memory of item pictures is significantly higher than that of source memory.The results of experiment 2 show that,in terms of reaction time index,the reaction time of self and mother condition is faster than that of Yao Ming condition,and that of mother is larger than that of Yao Ming condition.There is no significant difference between self and mother condition.The interaction between memory type and reference type is not significant.On the index of recognition rate,the recognition rate of item memory under self condition is higher than that under mother and Yao Ming condition,and mother is higher than that under Yao Ming condition.The interaction between memory type and reference type is significant.The recognition rate of source memory under self condition is higher than that under Yao Ming condition,but there is no significant difference between self and mother condition and between mother and Yao Ming condition.The overall recognition rate of item memory of item words is significantly higher than that of source memory.According to the results of the two studies,there are significant differences in the source memory of self-reference processing between positive words and negative words in reaction time,and there are no differences in the item memory of self-reference processing between positive words and negative words.In terms of recognition rate,the item memory of self-reference processing has significant difference in positive words and negative words,while the source memory of self-reference processing has significant difference in positive words and no difference in negative words.No matter the index of reaction time or the index of recognition rate,the overall recognition rate of item memory of positive words is significantly higher than that of negative words.The item memory and source memory of self-reference processing are significantly different in the reaction time and recognition rate index of item pictures.The consistent performance is that the condition of self and mother is greater than that of Yao Ming.The difference between self and mother is not significant.The overall recognition rate of item memory is significantly higher than that of source memory.In terms of item words,there are significant differences in item memory of self-reference processing.The conditions of self and mother are greater than those of Yao Ming.The difference between self and mother is not significant.The difference in source memory of self-reference processing is significant.The difference between self and mother,mother and Yao Ming conditions is not significant.The overall recognition rate of item memory of item words is significantly higher than that of source memory.Research 1 shows that positive emotional valence is more easily incorporated into self-concept than negative emotional valence in item memory and source memory.The results of study 2 show that item pictures have stronger self-reference processing advantages than item words in source memory and item memory.The results of the study can be used for reference to explore self-reference effect with different memory levels.