Study On The Usage Of Chinese Character And Interword Relationship In Qin Bamboo Slips At Fangmatan In Tianshui

Qin Bamboo Slips at Fangmatan in Tianshui,as written material unearthed from the birthplace of Qin culture,preserves the true appearance of Qin dynasty when unified China before and after in using characters.It shows the value in the history of Chinese vocational learning through systematically studied on the separate character frequency,property of the usage of Chinese character,interword relationship and their causes.After statistics,there are 964 separate characters without repeating in Qin Bamboo Slips at Fangmatan in Tianshui,excluding incomplete and doubtful characters etc,with a total of 13,177 characters.There are 56 characters high-frequency,accounting for 5.81% of the total number of characters,290 characters intermediate-frequency,accounting for 30.08% of the total number of characters,and 618 characters low-frequency,accounting for 64.11% of the total number of characters.It is directly proportional to the function of word-formation of characters that the character frequency whether is high or low,and is inversely proportional to cumulative coverage that appears in the Qin bamboo slips.The distribution of character frequency reflects the clear nature of applied texts,and the specific word content of each character frequency block has its own emphasis.As far as the properties of the usage of Chinese character are concerned,there are only 525 characters for self-use,accounting for 54.46% of the total number of the usage of Chinese character.Self-used characters play a dominant role in the bamboo slip.There are only 263 borrowed characters,accounting for 27.28%.Borrowing usage is flexible and can be divided into three types:interchangeability characters,false borrowing characters and combination of both.There are 176dual-purpose characters which include multiple combinations of self-used and borrowed characters,accounting for 18.26% of the total number of the usage of Chinese character.The types of interword relationship are shown in the bamboo slip,including 727 groups of one word in one character table,101 groups of multiple words in one character table,51 groups of one word in muti-character table,13 groups of one word in duplicating character table,1 group of multiple words in duplicating character table,372 groups of one word in bi-character consistent table,and 24 groups of one word in muti-character consistent table.One word in one character table is the main type of interword relationship and 580 groups of self-used words in self-used character table,accounting for 79.78%,which shows the creative era of Qin Bamboo Slips at Fangmatan in Tianshui.The usage of Chinese character has not yet started the process of intense differentiation.At the same time,there are also a certain number of other types of interword relationship,indicating that theusage of partial characters is more complicated,especially the existence of phenomenon for complete and partial intersection of interword relationship,which is a complex reflection.The proportion of bi-character consistent table and the muti-character consistent table is relatively high,which is also a typical embodiment of Chinese character from monophonic to polyphonic.Many factors,such as homologous differentiation,breeding,false borrowing,a character with variant types,homomorphic mixture,phonetic word formation and grammatical word formation,make part of interword relationship in the Qin Bamboo Slips at Fangmatan in Tianshui more complicated.It is an inevitable trend of abundant languages and words recorded constantly day by day.