The Diplomatic Practice And Thoughts Of Louis XIV From The Perspective Of Callières

Early modern European diplomacy originated from Italy during the Renaissance.And in the 17 th century,especially during the reign of Louis XIV,French diplomacy gradually dominated European diplomacy.As a diplomat in the period of Louis XIV,Callières' s life experience reflects the diplomatic tradition of modern Europe and the diplomatic strategy of modern France.Callières' s early experience in Poland gave him diplomatic experience.In his middle age,Callières' s managed his social relations by making friends with the politicians and nobles of the court of Louis XIV.At the same time,Callières' s poetic achievements made him famous and were recognized by the royal family and academia.Callières received the attention of Louis XIV.During the War of the Grand Alliance,Louis XIV sent Callières as a diplomatic representative to negotiate with the Netherlands.At the end of the war,Callières facilitated the signing of the Peace of Ryswick as the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary.In his later years,he was appointed as secretary of Louis XIV's cabinet,to carry out administrative work and to advise the court on the foreign affairs.After the death of Louis XIV,Callières published De la manière de negocier avec les souverains,hoping that the rulers would believe in the power and benefits of diplomatic negotiation.This work emphasizes the importance of diplomacy,the important role of the art of negotiating with princes,the diversity of foreign affairs of monarchies and the applicability of the selection of diplomatic envoys.It discusses what kind of qualifications ambassadors should have and what kind of talents are suitable for serving as ambassadors.It sums up the classification habits of European ambassadors,besides,it expounds the functions,powers,and ways of diplomatic negotiation of ambassadors in the period of Louis XIV.The diplomatic work De la manière de negocier avec les souverains published by Callières,according to his experience and research,is the epitome of diplomatic skills under the ancien régime,and a masterpiece of the development of French diplomatic thoughts in early modern times.