| Shanxi literature is an organic part of Song dynasty literature.During the Song dynasty,the stage charactered with unprecedented development of cultural governance and education,both the number and level of poems and ci is remarkable.However,compared with the Han and Tang dynasties,the development of Shanxi literature in the Song dynasty experienced a cliff-like drop.Generally,its level is far from the cultural pomp of Shanxi in the Tang dynasty.However,the development of Shanxi literature in Song dynasty is still meaningful to the history of Shanxi literature and the whole history of Chinese literature.72 poets from Shanxi province in the Song Dynasty were studied according to the “All Song Poetry”and“A Supplement to All Song Poetry”,along with historical biography,chorography,poetry collection,individual collection,etc.The Shanxi literature characteristics in Song Dynasty was explored by studying the overall poets and cases respectively.Statistics of the geographical distribution and identity of Shanxi poets in Song Dynasty were analyzed.And results showed that the geographical distribution was imbalance,the number of poets is more in the south than in the north,more in the east than in the west.The status of poets was mainly official poets,and the proportion of female poets,calligrapher and painters,monk poets is small.Compared with that in Tang Dynasty,the development of Shanxi literature in Song Dynasty is dramatically declined.This could be due to both geographical environment and social environment,including the destruction of war,the oppression of rulers and the change of cultural environment.Then the study analyzed poets in different stages: the early Song Dynasty,the middle Northern Song,the period of southern crossing and the Southern Song.It is believed that poems written in the early Song Dynasty always sing the praises of rulers and have the tendency to be divorced from reality.In the middle of the Northern Song,the poetic styles were diverse and the realistic and emotional charm increased,which wasmore“real”than earler poems.Then during the period of Southern Crossing,after the war and rough life,the poet’s creation exprssed a sad tone with the feelings of their experience.Also a part of the heroic and fierce patriotic work,and the realism style was further enhanced.The poets in the Southern Song dynasty were the offspring of people who exprisenced the Southern Crossing,and except their native place,they had no exact connection with Shanxi.So these poets abandoned theirselves to natureare and left far from the reality.This to some degree reflects the Southern Song was conservative.In addition,three outstanding poets Wen Yanbo,Si Maguang and Zhao Ding were studied as individual cases by analyzed literature and history,including their life,writen skills and artistic styles.Finally,this study discusses the regional characteristics of Shanxi poetry in Song Dynasty.The language style of Shanxi poetry is more straightforward and plain,which showed the cultural status of Shanxi and the momentum of “he shuo zhen gang”.Another regional feature is that Shanxi poets described the scenery of the mountains and rivers in their hometown,which has a strong local color. |
