Philosophical Study On Marx's Machine Theory

As the technical basis of capitalist industrial production and the material bearer of science and technology,machine is a topic that cannot be avoided in the study of Marx's political economy.Machine is produced in the handicraft industry.It was originally manufactured by craftsmen based on previous production experience and skills by improving hand tools.Once the machine-based production method was established,it constantly erodes workshop handicrafts,which are mainly manual tool labor.Because machine has the attributes of developing productivity and the attributes of maintaining and consolidating capitalist production relations,the capitalist application of machines has a double impact.In terms of productivity,machine has a positive impact on the progress and development of society.Firstly,the application of machines has an important role in liberating people.Secondly,the application of the machine expands the scope of the labor object and improves the processing efficiency of the labor object.Thirdly,the machine itself,as the most suitable form of capitalist means of production,played a pivotal role in the field of production,the conquest of nature,the change in the political structure,and the mode of production.Finally,the application of the machine has given rise to workers' awareness of their rights.The government has also gradually protected the rights of workers through legislation in order to alleviate social conflicts and improve workers' lives.The machine and the science and technology contained in it are controlled by the bourgeoisie and become the power of capital,thus establishing their own dominant position.During this period,the alienation between machine labor and workers became more and more intense,as a result,the machine become the subject of labor,while the labor subject,the worker,became the dependency of the machine,this reversal of the status created the tragic fate of the workers at the time,and Marx made a strong complaint about it,and the capitalization of machinery into fixed capital also provided an objective basis for Marx's critique of capitalism.The Frankfurt School inherited and developed the critical theory of technology,but its pessimistic attitude towards scienceand technology was full of it.This was not consistent with Marx's true attitude towards science and technology,so there was a fundamental difference between the two.