Research On Cattle Tillage In Wei, Jin And Southern And Northern Dynasties

Wei jin northern and southern dynasties is an upheaval in the history of Chinese,the period of the great schism,since in 220 AD cao Wei Jianli,to the sui dynasty in589 AD Chen ping.Chinese history has gone through a special period of more than three centuries of unrest,separation of powers and confrontation between the north and the south.During this period,every regime to stabilize its position,it is necessary to vigorously develop agricultural production.The development of agricultural production and the use of cattle in agricultural production has a close relationship.In agricultural research achievements of predecessors about southern dynasties,no system to this period of "bull" and "till" together.To some extent,this has affected people's understanding of the agricultural history of wei,jin,southern and northern dynasties and even the whole history of wei,jin,southern and northern dynasties.Therefore,this paper intends to discuss the position and function of ox ploughing in the agriculture of wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties from the perspective of ox ploughing.The first part discusses the development of cattle raising in the wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties,and discusses the types and distribution of cattle.The scale of cattle raising based on yellow cattle,buffalo and yak was greatly developed in the wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties.Government cattle raising has formed a complete management system,and the private cattle raising industry has also developed greatly.Compared with the previous generation,the technology of raising cattle has also improved,and there has been some progress in cattle feed management and cattle disease prevention.The second part probes into the technology of ox ploughing in the period of wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties.This paper discusses the evolution of ox farming tools and ox farming methods in wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties.The aspects of cow dint tools,plough BaMo Lou tools such as got great improvement in this period.With the upgrading and improvement of farming tools,the way of ox ploughing has gradually evolved from two oxen and three persons to one ox and oneperson.Compared with the previous dynasties,the farming level in the wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties made great progress.The third part discusses the influence of the advancement of ox tillage technology in wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties on regional agricultural production.On the one hand,the advancement of ox tillage technology in the wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties greatly increased the per mu grain yield at that time.On the other hand,in order to adapt to the improvement of productivity caused by the technological progress of ox ploughing,the land and tax policies in the wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties also changed correspondingly,the most representative of which was the transformation from "counting cattle and transferring grain" to "dividing the land" and collecting rent according to the cost.In a word,through the analysis and combing of relevant historical documents and archaeological data,this paper,based on the previous research results,restores the development status of cattle tillage in the wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties from different perspectives,and illustrates the important role played by cattle tillage in agricultural production in the wei,jin and southern and northern dynasties.