Study On Sumu Alba Of The Banner Of Karatchin Middle In Daoguang Period

In the qing dynasty,the people in the Mongolian society took on two kinds of sumu forced labor: banner forced labor and self-owned forced labor.Among them,the bannerage of the flag refers to the bannerage required by the flag and the sumu government,and the bannerage of the flag refers to the bannerage paid by the noble nuoyan.In this paper,based on the 20 volumes of the sumu alba archives of the middle banner of karasan in the daoguang period of the qing dynasty,which are stored in the archives of the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia,the author makes a detailed analysis of the various types,characteristics and collection methods of the banner owned by the people of the banner.Among them,it is pointed out at first that the two kinds of corvee include labor,material labor and money labor,but the specific links among them are different,especially the collection time of these corvee is different.Secondly,although there is a certain difference between the flag owned by su mu and the flag owned by su mu,the total number of the flag owned by su mu is not much different.This shows that the flag yamen office appoints to each sumu to assume the same weight of service.It can be seen from the banishment and servitude undertaken by each and every one of the people that,in most cases,there are more self-owned banishment and servitude.In addition to the military and government related services required by the qing government,the rest of the services were basically collected from households.